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Paleozoic
- ~230 mya to ~600 mya
- (oldest era we need to know)
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Mesozoic
- ~65 to ~230 mya
- Contains the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous
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Cenozoic
present to ~65 mya
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Cretaceous
~66 mya to ~135 mya
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Enantiornithines (general characteristics)
- Reptilian: skull, teeth, pelvic girdle
- Avian: Ribcage/sternum, forelimg, prominent pygostyle
- No uncinated process
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How did enantiornithines differ from modern birds?
- Direction of fusion of metatarsal bones
- Scapula contains socket
- Supracoracoideus along scapula
- Ectothermic growth rings
- (+reptilian skull, teeth, pelvic girdle)
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Empirical trends in oceanic island birds
- Density compensation (super high densities, although only a couple of species make up the overall bird density)
- Greater sexual dimorphism in morphology (also likely due to ecological release)
- Longer bills (again ecological release; allows for larger prey)
- More generalized habitat preferences
- Flightlessness
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Mating system partitioning
- Monogamy ~90%
- Polygamy ~3%
- Promiscuity ~6%
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Polygyny Threshold axes
- Territory on x axis
- Benefit on y axis
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Types of polyandry
- Classical - Simultaneous and Sequential
- Cooperative
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Faunal regions
- Oceanic
- Neartic
- Neotropic
- Afrotropic
- Palearctic
- Antarctic
- Australasian
- Indo-malay
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