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MITI
Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Trade associations, government agencies, and commercial banks gather information and help small firms identify export opportunities
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Sogo Shosha
Japanese trading companies; a key part of the keiretsu, the large Japanese industrial groups
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Export Management Company (EMC)
Export specialists who act as an export marketing department for client firms
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Letter of Credit
Issued by a bank, indicating that the bank will make payments under specific circumstances
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Bill of Exchange
An order written by an exporter instructing an importer, or an importer's agent, to pay a specified amount of money at a specified time.
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Draft
An order written by an exporter telling an importer what and when to pay
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Sight Draft
A draft payable on presentation to the drawee
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Time Draft
A promise to pay by the accepting party at some future date
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Bill of Lading
A document issued to an exporter by a common carrier transporting merchandise. It serves as a receipt, a contract, and a document of title.
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Export-Importer Bank (Ex-Im Bank)
Agency of the US government whose mission is to provide aid in financing and facilitate exports and imports
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Countertrade
The trade of goods and services for other goods and services
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Barter
Direct exchange of goods or services between two parties without a cash transaction
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Counterpurchase
A reciprocal buying agreement
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Offset
Agreement to purchase goods and services with a specified percentage of proceeds from an original sale in thatcountry from any firm in the country
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Switch Trading
Use of a specialized third-party trading house in a countertrade arrangement
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Buyback
Agreement to accept a percentage of a plant's output as payment for contract to build a plant
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