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*The term ______ is used to describe the natural teeth in the jaws.
dentition
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*Three types of dentition?
- primary dentition
- permanent dentition
- mixed dentition
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*A child's ______ dentition develops during the prenatal period and consists of 20 teeth, which erupt and are later shed or lost.
primary
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*Another name for a baby teeth?
Deciduous teeth and primary teeth
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*At what age does a child go through what we call the "mixed" dentition?
6-7
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*Primary dentition has how many teeth?
20
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*As the primary teeth are shed and the jaws grow and mature, the ______ dentition gradually erupts and replaces the primary dentition.
permanent
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*The permanent dentition consist of how many teeth?
32
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*Tooth development also known as ______. takes place in many stages, which occur in a stepwise fashion for both dentitions.
odontogenesis,
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When does Odontogenesis of the primary dentition begins?
between the sixth and seventh week of prenatal development , during the embryonic period.
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*In what period does Odontogenesis of the primary dentition begins?
embryonic period
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The primary dentition develops during both the embryonic period and fetal period of prenatal development. Most of the permanent dentition is formed during the ____ period.
fetal
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The initial teeth for both dentitions develop in the_______, followed later by the ______, and then development progresses posteriorly in both jaws
- anterior mandibular region
- anterior maxillary region
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*An overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition during the preteen years is referred to as the ____ dentition period, when an individual has some teeth from both dentition.
mixed
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______have the longest developmental period of any set of organs in the body.
teeth
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What is the importance of becoming familiar as a dental professional with the basic terminology related to tooth development and eruption?
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Why should dental professionals have a clear understanding of the stages of odontogenesis or tooth development and their physiological basis?
dental professionals must have a clear understanding of the stages of odontogenesis (oh‑don‑to-jen‑eh‑sis) or tooth development and their physiological basis. Developmental disturbances can occur within each stage of odontogenesis, affecting the physiological processes taking place. These developmental disturbances can have ramifications that may affect the clinical treatment of a patient.
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*odontogenesis, identifiable stages in tooth development include:
Initiation stage, bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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The stage of apposition includes formation of:
the hard dental structures, such as enamel, dentin, and cementum
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The last stage of tooth development is?
maturation stage
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*During these stages of odontogenesis many physiological processes occur, These physiological processes include?
induction, proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and maturation.
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*what process is when Ameloblasts send to the odontoblasts to produce the first layer of dentin (predentin), dentin signals to the ameloblasts to lay down enamel over it
Reciprocal induction
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*Cells of the inner enamel epithelium, produce enamel:
ameloblast (once they make enamel they're lost)
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*Cells of the outer dental papilla, produce dentin:
Odontoblasts
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*Cells of the dental papilla, produce cementum:
cementoblast
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*___ is the region noted in molars enamel organ involved in crown formation.
enamel knot
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*cells of the mesoderm, produce alveolar bone:
osteoblasts
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*The first stage of tooth development (odontogenesis) is?
- initiation stage
- interaction between the embryological tissue types.
- At the beginning of the sixth week, the embryo's stomodeum, or primitive mouth, is lined by ectoderm
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*In the first stage (induction) The outer part of the ectoderm gives rise to _____
oral epithelium.
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The _____ consists of two horseshoe‑shaped bands of tissue at the surface of the stomodeum, one for each future jaw or arch.
oral epithelium
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*the ectomesenchyme, which is influenced by ____ cells that have migrated to the area.
neural crest
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**A _____separates the oral epithelium and the ectomesenchyme in the stomodeum.
Also between inner enamel epithilium and layer of odontoblast
basement membrane
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During the later part of the seventh week, the oral epithelium grows deeper into the ectomesenchyme and is induced to produce a thicker layer called the
dental lamina.
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*____ plays a critical role in the formation of the hard and soft tissue of the head and neck such as bones, muscles, and, most importantly, the branchial arches.
ectomesenchyme
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*Developmental Disturbances During Initiation Stage
Lack of initiation within the dental lamina results in the absence of a single tooth (partial) or multiple teeth (complete) produces _______
anodontia.
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*Abnormal initiation may result in the development of one or more extra teeth, or
supernumerary teeth (hyperdontia).
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*The second stage of odontogenesis?
bud stage
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*The growth of the dental lamina penetrating into the ectomesenchyme forms the?
bud stage
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The ______ stage occurs at the beginning of the eighth week of prenatal development for the primary dentition. Named for external proliferation
bud
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*The tooth germ consist of the ?
- enamel organ
- dental papilla
- dental sac
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*Abnormal proliferation in the bud stage can cause a single tooth (partial) or the entire dentition (complete) to be larger or smaller than normal.Abnormally large teeth result in ______
macrodontia
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*Abnormal proliferation in the bud stage can cause a single tooth (partial) or the entire dentition (complete) to be larger or smaller than normal. abnormally small teeth result in ______
microdontia (peg lateral)
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The third stage is called the ____ stage and occurs for the primary dentition between the ninth and tenth week of prenatal development, during the fetal period.
cap
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*physiological process involved in the cap stage include?
- proliferation
- differentiation
- morphogenesis
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The enamel organ(derived from ectoderm) differentiates into a?
bell shape
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*Tooth germ(primordium of tooth) consist of?
- enamel organ
- dental papila
- dental sac
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*enamel organ becomes?
enamel
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*inner cells of the dental papilla becomes?
pulp and dentin
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*"Future" tooth, found underneath the primary teeth. AKA succadenous teeth
Successional dental lamina
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*dental sac will produce and will become?
- produce periodontum
- become: alveolar bone
- cementum
- periodontal ligament
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*During the cap stage, the enamel organ may abnormally invaginate into the dental papilla, resulting in ________.(upper lateral pit)
- dens in dente or dens invaginatus.
- upper lateral incisor
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*______ occurs in the cap stage as the single tooth germ tries unsuccessfully to divide into two tooth germs, which results in a large single‑rooted tooth with a common pulp cavity. (one pulp chamber for two teeth)
Gemination
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*_____ during cap stage results from the union of two adjacent tooth germs, possibly resulting from pressure in the area, which leads to a broader, falsely macrodontic tooth similar to gemination. (one crown with 2 pulp chambers)
Fusion
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*During cap stage Teeth may also have ____ or extra cusps that appear as small, round enamel extensions. (cusp of carbelli)
tubercles
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*The fourth stage is the _____, which occurs for the primary dentition between the eleventh and twelfth week of prenatal development
bell stage
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*physiological process involved in the bell stage include?
proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis.
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______in a developing tooth is a layer of two or three cells, like a layer cake, between the inner enamel epithelium and the newly forming cells of the stellate reticulum. Bell stage
The stratum intermedium
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*A depression results in the deepest part of each tooth bud of dental lamina and forms a cap, or ______
enamel organ.
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**A basement membrane still exists between the enamel organ and the dental papilla and is the site of the future? basement membrane becomes...
dentinoenamel junction (DEJ).
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initial tooth germs housed within each developing dental arch will develop into the _____
primary dentition.
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_____ is Formation of tooth bud in a cap shape with deep central depression- Future enamel
enamel organ
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____ is Condensed mass of ectomesenchyme within the concavity of the enamel organ - Future dentin and pulp
Dental papilla
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_____ is Condensed mass of ectomesenchyme surrounding the outside of the enamel organ - Future cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone
Dental sac
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*Permanent teeth formed with primary predecessors are called ______and include the anterior teeth and premolars, which replace the primary anterior teeth and molars, respectively. baby teeth are replaced
succedaneous
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*where do permanent molars come from?
they come from dental lamina of second premolars
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What teeth do not have successional dental lamina?no baby teeth?
permanent molars
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*The permanent molars are _____ AND have no primary predecessors. These six permanent molars per dental arch develop from a posterior extension of the dental lamina distal to the primary second molar's dental lamina and its associated ectomesenchyme for each quadrant.
nonsuccedaneous
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In the Bell stage The outer cuboidal cells of the enamel organ are the ______
outer enamel epithelium (OEE).
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The fourth stage is the ____ stage, which occurs for the primary dentition between the eleventh and twelfth week of prenatal development.
bell
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The _____ will serve as a protective barrier for the rest of the enamel organ during enamel production.
outer enamel epithelium (OEE).
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In the future, the inner enamel epithelium (IEE) will differentiate into_______
enamel‑secreting cells, ameloblasts
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The innermost tall columnar cells of the enamel organ are the
inner enamel epithelium (IEE).
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Bell stage: Between the outer and inner enamel epithelium are two layers:
- stellate reticulum and the stratum intermedium.
- they help support the production of enamel.
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Bell stage: ______ are Outer cuboidal cells of enamel organ; serves as protective barrier for enamel organ
Outer enamel epithelium (OEE)
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Bell stage:_____ is More outer star-shaped cells in many layers, forming a network within the enamel organ; supports the production of enamel matrix
Stellate reticulum
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Bell stage: ______ is More inner compressed layer of flat to cuboidal cells; supports the production of enamel matrix
Stratum intermedium
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Bell stage: _____ is Innermost tall, columnar cells of enamel organ; will differentiate into ameloblasts that form enamel matrix
Inner enamel epithelium (IEE)
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The other final stage of odontogenesis, is _______is reached when the dental tissue types subsequently fully mineralize.
maturation
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Tooth development begins in the ____and then proceeds to the ___.
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*Certain factors may interfere with the metabolic processes of the ameloblasts, resulting in ______ which is the faulty development of enamel. dental fluorosis
enamel dysplasia
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*_______results in reduction in the quality of the enamel maturation. (apposition and maturation stage)
The teeth appear more opaque, yellower, or even browner because of an intrinsic staining of enamel. A single affected area or white “sparkle spot” is called _____ and if the permanent crown is affected, Turner tooth.
- Enamel hypocalcification
- Turner spot
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Enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification may occur together and affect entire dentitions, a common finding in ______
dental fluorosis.
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*A certain type of enamel dysplasia, _____, has a hereditary etiology and can affect all teeth of both dentitions. Thin enamel, yellow teeth
amelogenesis imperfecta
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_________ or the faulty development of dentin, can result from an interference with the metabolic processes of the odontoblasts during dentinogenesis. enamel chips, weak dentin
Dentin dysplasia,
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The process of ____ development takes place after the crown is completely shaped and the tooth is starting to erupt into the oral cavity
root
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*The structure responsible for root development is the
- Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS).
- comes from cervical loop-
- is the most cervical part of the enamel organ, a bilayer rim that consists of only IEE and OEE.
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*The function of this sheath or membrane is to shape the root(s) and induce dentin formation in the root area, so that it is continuous with coronal dentin. (part of cervical root) (IEE + OEE)
Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS). (Responsible for root formation)
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*the outer cells of the dental papilla form?
odontoblast
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_____forms when the outer cells of the dental papilla in the root area are induced to undergo differentiation and become odontoblasts.
Root dentin
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When root dentin formation is completed, this part of the basement membrane also disintegrates,(leftovers) as does the entire HERS.
After this disintegration of the root sheath, its cells may become the
epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM).
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*In some cases, misplaced ameloblasts can migrate to the root area, causing enamel to be abnormally formed over the cemental root surface, which produces an_____
enamel pearl.
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shedding also known as
exfoliation
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_______ refers to the bodily (vertical)movement of the developing tooth through the overlying jaws and oral mucosa into the oral cavity. Normally stops when the erupting tooth comes in contact with its antagonist in the opposite jaw. primary tooth has many stages in the movement of the tooth
Active eruption
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_____ refers to the uncovering of the anatomical crown because of gingival recession of the surrounding tissue, rather than bodily movement.
Passive eruption
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*After enamel apposition ceases in the crown area of each primary or permanent tooth, the ameloblasts place an acellular dental cuticle on the new enamel surface. In addition, the layers of the enamel organ are compressed, forming the ________
- reduced enamel epithelium (REE).
- made of OEE, IEE
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*A residue may form on newly erupted teeth of both dentitions that may leave the teeth extrinsically stained. (gray stain)
This residue, _______, consists of the fused tissue of the REE and oral epithelium as well as the dental cuticle placed by the ameloblasts on the new enamel surface.
Nasmyth membrane
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*An odontogenic cyst that forms from the REE after the crown has completely formed and matured is the ______, or follicular cyst.
appears on a partially erupted tooth, it is considered an eruption cyst and appears as fluctuant, blue, vesicle‑like gingival lesion.
dentigerous cyst
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Common developmental disturbances in Initiation stage?
- Anodontia
- Supernumerary tooth or teeth
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Common developmental disturbances in Bud stage?
- Microdontia
- Macrodontia
- PEG LATERAL
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Common developmental disturbances in Cap stage?
- Dens in dente
- Germination
- Fusion
- Tubercle
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Common developmental disturbances in Apposition and Maturation Stages?
- Enamel dysplasia "Turner spot, Turner tooth"
- Enamel pearl
- dentin Dysplasia
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