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Humoral immunity with production of ________ is a major defense again microorganisms.
Cell mediated immunity is effective against ________.
- antibodies
- intracellular bacteria, viruses and fungi
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What is IMPETIGO, what is it caused by, who is it usually seen in, what is it treated with and what are some characteristics
- Bacterial skin infection caused by Strep pyogenes and Staph aureus
- Usually seen in young children
- Treated with antibiotics such as cephalexin
- Characteristic weeping, golden, crusted eruption on an erythematous base
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_____ pharyngitis (____%) is more common than ________
- Viral
- 70
- type A beta-hemolytic strep throat (30%)
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Beta-hemolytic strep throat may advance into ________ in children which may include a ______ and _______ and ________
- scarlet fever
- skin rash
- “strawberry tongue,”
- petechiae on the palate.
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Beta-hemolytic strep throat “strawberry tongue,”
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TUBERCULOSIS is a chronic _______ infection of the lungs caused by the bacteria _________. The chief form of the disease is a ________.
- granulomatous
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- primary infection of the lung
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What are some Symptoms of active TB Infection
Fever, chills, fatigue, malaise, weight loss and persistent cough
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Diagnosis of active TB is based on a biopsy of oral lesions which show areas of ______ surrounded by _______ , _________, and ________
- necrosis
- lymphocytes, macrophages and Multinucleated giant cells(granuloma)
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When the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria infect the kidneys and liver it’s called _______.
miliary tuberculosis
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Involvement of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes in TB is called ________.
scrofula or tuberculous lymphadenitis
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Oral lesions of tuberculosis most commonly appear on the
tongue or palate and appear as painless ulcers which don’t heal
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What is ACTINOMYCOSIS, what causes it and what does it cause
Infection caused by Actinomycosis israelii, a normal part of our oral flora. Causes abscesses that drain through sinus tracts
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In ACTINOMYCOSIS the bacteria appear in the pus as _______ and are called ______ due to their color
- calcified yellow colonies
- sulfur granules
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SYPHILIS is an infection caused by _________ and is transmitted by ________.
- Treponema pallidum
- direct contact between people
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SYPHILIS has __ stages:Primary lesion is called a ____ and is highly infectious. Occurs ____ weeks after infection
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The Secondary stage of SYPHILIS occurs about ___ weeks after primary lesion occurs. In which oral lesions appear as white plaques called _______.
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What is the most infectious stage of SYPHILIS
Secondary
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Mucous patches in the secondary stage of syphilis
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The Tertiary stage of SYPHILIS occurs _____ after the initial infection. Usually involves the ________ system.
- years
- cardiovascular system and central nervous
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The tertiary stage of syphilis produces a lesion called a ________ that is ______ but _______
- gumma
- noninfectious
- destructive
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Congenital syphilis infection causes severe problems such as
blindness, deafness and dental problems (Hutchinson’s Triad) such as enamel hypoplasia (screwdriver incisors, mulberry molars.
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SYPHILIS diagnosis is based on microscopic examination of the spirochetes using _____. Also use of _____ blood test. Treatment consists of ______.
- dark-field examination
- VDRL
- penicillin
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NUG – necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a painful erythematous gingivitis in which there is _______. Caused by a spirochete _______ and _______.
- necrosis of the interdental papilla
- (Borrelia vincentii) and Prevotella intermedia
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NUG is painful and usually accompanied by _______.
Treated is by ________.
- bad odor (fetid), fever and lymphadenopathy
- debridement, Flagyl, Chlorhexidine rinse
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ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS is an acute infection of the _______ usually occurring following a ___________.
- bone and bone marrow
- periapical abscess
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What is the most common oral fungal infection
CANDIDIASIS or moniliasis or thrush
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Pseudomembranous candidiasis
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Describe Pseudomembranous candidiasis
- white curd-like material present on mucosa (like cottage cheese)
- White plaques can rub off leaving a red, painful surface
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What is the most common form and type of candidiasis
- Erythematous
- Chronic atrophic
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Describe Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis and how is it diagnosed
- appears as a white lesion that does not wipe off
- use of oral antifungal medication (therapeutic diagnosis)
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Chronic mucotaneous is a _______ usually occurring in __________
- severe form of candidiasis
- immunocompromised patients
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Oral lesions occurring in deep fungal infections are all associated with
primary involvement of the lungs with the oral lesion caused by implantation of the organism from the lungs to the oral mucosa
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Deep fungal infections include
Histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis and cryptococcosis
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Oral lesions of deep fundal infections are ______ and can resemble _________
- chronic, nonhealing ulcers
- squamous cell carcinoma
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What is CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM
A benign papillary lesion that is caused by another papillomavirus that is transmitted through sexual contact and is most common in the anogenital region
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Greater than 90% of all cervical cancers are related to
(HPV 16 and 18)
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FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA, also called _______, is characterized by ________ and primarily occur in _________
- Heck disease
- multiple whitish to pale pink nodules throughout the oral mucosa
- children
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FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA
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What are the three phases of Human Herpes virus
- Primary Infection
- Latency
- Reactivation
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What are the two major forms of Herpes Simplex
- Type 1 – oral lesions
- Type 2 – genital lesions
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In Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis – _________ symptoms usually occur first
systemic
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Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
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Intraorally Recurrent herpes occurs on __________ and usually as painful crops of vesicles or ulcers
keratinized gingiva
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EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS can cause
mononucleosis
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Patients with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS may orally exhibit
- palatal petechiae early in the disease
- hairy leukoplakia
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Herpangina is caused by
COXSACKIEVIRUS
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With measles you might find oral lesions which are small red macules with white necrotic centers, which are called
Koplik’s spots.
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MUMPS is a viral infection of the
salivary glands
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DIAGNOSING AIDS is having HIV infection with CD4 lymphocyte count of
less than 200 per microliter of blood (normal CD4 is 550 to 1000)
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Presence of ________ orally may fulfill the criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS
Kaposi Sarcoma
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What is Kaposi Sarcoma
rare vascular neoplasm that appear as painless reddish-purple macules in the early stages
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