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Compostion of membrane
- 90% lipids
- -75% phospholipids
- -20% cholesterol of the lipids
- -2% globular proteins
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Phospholipids in the cell membrane
- 75% of lipid content
- Polar molecules form a bilayer in water
- Hydrophilic heads face out and
- Hydrophobic lipid regions are protected on the inside
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Cholesterol in the cell membrane
- Structural support
- 20% of the lipid
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Protein in the cell membrane
proteins are suspended in the bilayer
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Protein functions
- act as channels (which are hydrophilic) or pores
- act as receptors for hormones; ex. insulin
- exzymes that are bound to the membrane
- cell identity marker; you tissue type; glycoprotein
- points of attachment for cell to cell
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Glycocalyx
carbohydrate extensions of the macromolecules; essential to chemical identification of you
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Function of membrane
- 1.Selectively permeable barrier: controls what comes in and goes out
- 2.Communication with other cells (important in immune system)
- 3.Senses cell surroundings
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Composition/ design of Nucleus
double membrane with pores which regulates what enters or leaves the nucleus
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Location of the Nucleus
can be in the center of the cell
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Function of the Nucleus
houses the DNA and RNA; genes
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Ribosomal RNA composition/design
proteins and RNA in two sub units
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Location of Ribosomal RNA
either attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytoplasm
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Function of Ribosomal RNA
site of protein synthesis
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Compostition/design of Endoplasmic reticulum
phospholipid membrane made into numerous channels and tunnels
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Location of Endoplasmic reticulum
- throughtout the cell interior
- connects the nuclear membrane to the interior of cell membrane
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Function of endoplasmic reticulum
- intracellular communication
- 1.transports compounds around cell
- 2.site of lipid formation
- 3.location for some RNA so also site of protein synthesis
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Composition/design of the Golgi complex and vesicles
- phospholipid bilayer
- folds into many layers
- vesicles pinch off
-packaging and distrubuting
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Location of Golgi complex
close to ER to receive materials for processing
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Function of Golgi Complex
packaging and distibution center; puts finishing touches on macromolecules
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Composition/design of Lysosomes
tiny packages made of membrane that contain digestive enzymes
-in WBC it breaks down bad things
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Location of lysosomes
throughout the cell;especially in WBC's
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Function of Lysosomes
break down materials; destory bacteria; self destuction of cell
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All interinal membranes are made of what?
phospolipid membrane
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Mitochondria composition/design
double membrane, highly folded inner membrane; gives alot of service area
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Location of mitochondria
throughout the cell
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Function of mitochondria
to house the location of the ATP, Krebs cycle, and ETS
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Composition/design of cytoskeleton
- microtubules/microfilaments
- support, organization
- fibrous proteins
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Location of cytoskeleton
throughout the cell
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examples of cytoskeleton
- spindles used during mitosis
- myofilaments for muscle cell contraction
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Simple diffusion
- movement of "x" from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
- 1.movement is passive
- 2.movement follows the concentration gradient
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Which compounds will freely diffuse across the cell membrane?
- 1.water
- 2.gases:oxygen and carbon dioxide
- 3.small nitrogenous waste: ammonia
- 4.Ions such as potassium and sodium
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What factors affect the rate of diffusion?
- 1.Degree or steepness of concentration gradient- rate of diffusion debends on the greatness of differences
- 2.size of molecule- smaller molecules move faster
- 3.temperature
- 4.surface area
- 5.permeability:ability of the chemical to find a way through the membrane
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Osmosis
movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Isotonic
same solute concentration in two areas
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Hypertonic
region has more solutes (thus less water) than another region
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Hypotonic
region has less solutes (thus more water) than another
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Pure water is what in comparitive terms?
hypotonic
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