Psyc Exam 1 Abnormal ch 1,2,3

-the idea that behavior is problematic or not problematic depending on the environment in which it occurs

- abnormal behaviors specific to a particular location or group

- behavior inconsistent with person's developmental, culturl, and societal norms causing distress and dysfunction

- symptoms that cluster together

- how the disorder begins

- whether a disorder looks different in a child than an adult

- immediate and long term consequences of having the disorder

- age, race, gender, ethnicity

- idea that common sympoms of a disorder may vary depending on a person's age

- phenomenon of decreased success in life because of the affects of a disorder

• - drilling a hole in someone's head to release demons from the brain
• - practiced in ancient cultures like Egypt

• - father of medicine
• - identified hallucinations, delusions, melancholia, mania, hysteria
• - abn. behav. occurs when environment and physical factors cause imbalance in 4 humours
• - advocated patient removal from family foreshadowing institutions

- yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm

- successor to Hippocrates ideas

- group of people share a belief not based in fact

- automatic mimicry and synchronization of expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements of one person by another

- people believe they're possessed by wolves

- belief that a tarantula bite would cause death unless the person danced wildly

- created an asylum for men

• - created an asylum out of a house for people with mental illnesses to live
• - "kindness and occupation" moral treatment

• - mental illness caused by blood vessels in brain
• - mind most important area of study

• - associated with humane care
• - US schoolteacher concerned with mental illness

- force that Mesmer believed fowed within the body and when impeded caused disease

- symptoms of illness diminish because patient believes treatment is effective

• - associated with Freud
• - many aspects of behavior controlled by unconscious innate biological urges existing from infancy

- discussion of psych distress with a trained professional

- disorder involving abnormal thought, perception, and behavior

- Kraepelin's name for disorder of deterioration of mental faculties (now schizophrenia)

• - Ivan Pavlov
• - conditioned stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response

• -John Watson
• - the only appropriate objects of scientific stufy are observable measurable behaviors

• - concept that when providing treatment to patients, clinicians rely on findings of research and when researching they focus on topics that help guide and improve psychological care
• - everything done by psychology and for psychology

- study of structure and function of the nervous system and interaction of the system and behavior

- years of living with a disorder cause physical changes in the brain

- study of the role of genes and environment in the transmission of behavioral traits

- during or shortly after prenatal period a virus might cause a psych disorder

• id- inner drives, urges
• ego- mediates the id's impulses
• superego- conscience

• oral phase
• anal phase
• phallic phase
• latency phase
• genital phase

- form of psychodynamic theory that focuses on conscious motivations and healthy forms of human functioning

• - B.F. Skinner
• - behavior is learned or changed by what happens afterward

- reward that strengthens the response that precedes it

- learning where the person doesn't need to do the behavior to learn it (learning by observation)

• - school of thought
• - one's subjective perception of the world is more important than the way the world actually is
• - (humanistic model)

- abnormal behavior must be understood within the context os social and cultural forces

• - biological, psychological, and social factors probably contribute to developing abnormal behavior
• - different factors affect different people

• - psyc disorders may have a biological predisposition (diathesis) that lies dormant until environmental stress occurs and the conbination produces abnormal behavior
• - bio + environment triggers abn. behav.

• - focuses on communication between basic science and applied clinical research
• - applying scientific findings

- brain and spinal cord

• - somatic NS - sensation and muscle movement
• - automonic NS - involuntary movements and homeostasis

• - at base of brain, controls fundamental functions like breathing
• - midbrain - coordinates sensory info and movement

- part of brain including limbic system, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex

- auditory and verbal info, labeling objects, verbal memory

- sensory info and visuospatial processing

- visual processing

- reasoning, impulse control, judgment, memory, language, problem solving, social behavior

- sends messages to bodily organs through hormones

- chemical substances relaying electrical signals between one neuron and the next

- brain structure

- technology that takes pics of the brain

- examining whether family members of a person with a disorder are more likely to have the disorder than family members of people without the disorder

- in familial aggregation the person with a disorder in the study

- studying many families with many individuals who have the same disorder or large samples of relatives with the same disorder to see what genomic regions if any influence a trait

- compares genes of people with disorders to genes of people without disorders

- searching the human genome comparing cases and controls for evidence of association

• - not generalizeable
• - able to gain great insight into a specific unique case

• -ABAB research design
• - experimental studies on a single individual

• - groups of participants exposed to different conditions
• - experiment group(s)
• - control group

- each participant has an equal probability of being assigned to each experimental or control group

- group of people who share a characteristic and move forward in time as a unit

- participants are assessed once for the specific variable under investigation

- design where participants are assessed at least two times and often more over a certain time interval

- the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders and factors that influence those patterns

- number of cases of a disorder in a given population at a specific time

- number of new cases that emerge in a given population during a period of time

- existence of more than one disorder at the same time in the same person

- gathering info about a person and their environment to make decisions about the nature of psyc problems

- trying to identify psyc problems or predict risk among people not referred for clinical assessment

- weighing how likely it is a person has one diagnosis instead of another

- observed change meaningful in clinical fuctioning

- comparing present performance on a test with past performance

- how well a test is consistent in getting the same score

-amount of agreement between two clinicians using the same measure on the same patient

- degree to which a test measures what its supposed to measure

- conversations between a patient

- interview in which the clinician decides what questions to ask and how to ask them

- interview where the clinician asks a standard set of questions word for word

- psyc test that measures personality characteristics

mental age / actual age

- score of cognitive functioning that compares a persons score to their peers

• - tests derived from psychoanalysis in which people are asked to respond to ambiguous stimuli
• - e.g. Rorchach ink blot test

• - behavioral analysis or functional assessment
• - attempting to identify causal links between problem behaviors and environmental variables

• - measurement of behavior as it occurs by someone other than the person whose behavior is being observed
• - (naturalistic observation)

• - asking a patient to approach a feared situation as closely as possible
• - e.g. asking someone afraid of heights to climb a set of stairs outside as high as they can

- measure brain structure, function, and nervous activity

-directly assesses electrical activity in the brain

- requires classifying a patient's behavior on five different dimensions