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Definition: Calculating GDP by adding up spending on all final goods and services produced in the nation during the year.
Expenditure Approach to GDP
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Definition: Calculation GDP by adding up all earnings from resources used to produce output in the nation during the year.
Income Approach to GDP
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Definition: Goods and services sold to final, or end, users.
Final Goods and Services
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Definition: Goods and services purchased by firms for additional processing and resale.
Intermediate Goods and Services
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Definition: The mistake of including both the value of intermediate products and the value of final products in calculating the gross domestic product; counting the same production more than once.
Double Counting
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Definition: Household purchases of final goods and services, except for new residences, which count as investment.
Consumption
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Definition: The purchase of new plants, new equipment, new buildings, and new residences, plus net additions to inventories.
Investment
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Definition: Manufactured items used to produce goods and services; includes new plants and new equipment.
Physical Capital
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Definition: Building new homes or dwelling places.
Residential Construction
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Definition: Producers' stocks of finished and in-process goods.
Inventories
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Definition: Spending for goods and services by all levels of government; government outlays minus transfer payments.
Government Purchases
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Definition: The value of a countries exports minus the value of its imports.
Net Exports
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Definition: Total spending on final goods and services in an economy during a given period, usually a year.
Aggregate Expenditure
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Definition: All earnings of resource suppliers in an economy during a given period, usually a year.
Aggregate Income
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Definition: At each stage of production, the selling price of a product minus the cost of intermediate goods purchased from other firms.
Value Added
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Definition: The income households have available to spend or to save after paying taxes and receiving transfer payments.
Disposable Income (DI)
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Definition: Taxes minus transfer payments.
Net Taxes (NT)
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Definition: Banks and other financial institutions that facilitate the flow of funds from savers to borrowers.
Financial Markets
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Definition: Any spending other than by households or an income other than from resource earnings; includes investment, government purchases, exports, and transfer payments.
Injection
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Definition: Any diversion of income from the domestic spending stream; includes saving, taxes, and imports.
Leakage
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Definition: Market transactions that go unreported either because they are illegal or because people involved want to evade taxes.
Underground Economy
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Definition: the value of capital stock used up to produce GDP or that becomes obsolete during the year.
Depreciation
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Definition: Gross domestic product minus depreciation.
Net Domestic Product
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Definition: GDP based on prices prevailing at the time of production.
Nominal GDP
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Definition: The year with which other years are compared when constructing and index; the index equals 100.
Base Year
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Definition: A number that shows the average price of products; changes over time show changes in and economy's average price level.
Price Index
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Definition: A measure of inflation based on the cost of a fixed market basket of goods and services.
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
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Definition: A comprehensive inflation measure of all goods and services included in the gross domestic product.
GDP Price Index
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Definition: An inflation measure that adjusts the weights from year to year in calculating a price index, thereby reducing the bias caused by a fixed-price weighting system.
Chain-Weighted System
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