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Why is significant about water in liquid form?
It has 1/20 strength of a covalent bond, allowing it to form, break, and reform.
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What are the energy levels of H2O in frozen and liquid form?
- Frozen = hydrogen bonds are stable
- liquid = hydrogen bonds are constantly breaking and reforming
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What is cohesion?
structural, allows aid in plants by adhesion, high surface tension
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adhesion?
allows plants to transport water against gravity
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Water in hydrogen bonding?
- heat is absorbed = hydrogen bonds break
- heat is released = hydrogen bonds form
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What is a solution?
Liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (e.g., sugar/salt in H2O)
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Solvent
Dissolving agent (H2O is solvent in aqueous solutions)
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Solute?
Substance dissolved in solvent
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Difference between hydrophobic/hydrophilic?
- Phobic = Water HATING
- Philic = Water LOVING
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Hydrophilic?
polar + ionic, molecules that contain polar or ionic regions
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Hydrophobic
nonpolar + nonionic, molecules that have nonpolar + nonionic properties
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Amphipathic molecules?
contains BOTH hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts (ex: lipids)
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pH?
0 - 14, 0 = acidic, 14 = basic
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Acid?
substance that increases H+ concentration of a solution
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Base?
substance that reduces H+ concentration of a solution
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pH range of biological fluids?
6 - 8 pH
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Weak acids?
proton donors (ex: acetic acid CH3CO2-)
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Weak bases?
proton acceptors (Ex: ammonia NH3)
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Buffers
substance that minimizes changes in concentrations of H+and OH– in a solution, Contains both a weak acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A-)
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