The flashcards below were created by user
sthomp88
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
what is viral hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver
-
name all the types of hepatitis
- hep A
- hep B (HBV)
- hep C (HCV)
- hep D (delta agent)
- hep E (HEV)
-
how is hepatitis A transmitted?
- fecal/oral
- waterborne/foodborne
- blood
-
what is the incubation period for hep A?
15-45 days
-
when is the communicable stage of Hep A?
2-3 week period before the onset of jaundice, then diminishes shortly after jaundice appears
-
true or false. carrier state is not demonstrated with hep A.
true
-
what are the signs and symptoms of hep A?
- preicteric (before jaundice)
- icteric (during jaundice)
- anicteric (no jaundice, but still have it)
-
icteric phase of hep A
- abrupt onset of flu like symptoms in adults
- jaundice is present, but rarely appears in children
-
preicteric phase of hep A
- abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms
- liver is enlarged and tender upon palpation
-
anicteric phase of hep A
- absence of jaundice
- 2-3 times more prevelant than icteric
- often misdiagnosed because of this
-
what factors influence immunity to hep A?
- the anti HAV from having the disease
- some get it without even knowing they had the disease
- the vaccine
-
name 3 effective ways to prevent hep A in every day life
- personal hygiene
- making sure your food is cooked all the way
- being extra sanitary in public health situations
-
name 3 effective ways of preventing hep A in the dental setting
- standard precautions
- sterilization
- disposable material
-
name 6 groups of people who are at high risk for hep A
- travelers
- homosexual men
- drug users
- clotting disorders
- chronic liver disease
- children in low income, third world countries
-
how is hep B different from hep A?
- mode of transportation
- incubation period
- onset
- exisitence of chronic carrier state
-
true or false HBV has increased significantly during the past 20 yrs
true
-
name 3 modes of transportation for HBV
- percutaneous (needle stick)
- blood transfusion
- sexual exposure
-
can HBV be transmitted to a fetus from the mother?
yes, during pregnancy, or at birth
-
infants with HBV are at high risk for chronic infection. What can this lead to?
chronic liver disorder, or cancer of the liver later in life
-
define risk population pertaining to HBV.
- thise that have an increased pervalence of infection, increased chances, or likelihood of infection
- increased presence of disease carriers
-
name 14 groups of people who are at a high risk for HBV
- infants
- IV drug users
- mental institutions
- hemodialysis
- recipients of blood products
- liver disease
- male prisoners
- health care personnel
- contact with HBV carriers
- military populations
- morticians and embalmers
- immigrants and refuges
- sexual contact
-
what is the incubation period for hep B (HBV)
- 2-6 months
- average of 60-90 days
-
what presents in the blood to indicate HBV communicability?
HBsAG which can be found in the blood as early as 30 days after exposure to the disease
-
when is HBsAG no longer detectible in the blood of pt with HBV?
after jaundice
-
what would make the hep B (HBV) a transient infection to a pt?
the pt would have a rapid, strong, immune response to the hep virus, and the virus would be destroyed before it was even established
-
describe acute type B in HBV
- onset is slower than other hep viruses
- cannot be distinguished on basis of clinical signs and symptoms
- period of illness is longer than hep A
-
define a chronic carrier of HBV
an individual with the HBsAG marker in the blood serum for more than 6 months
-
what are the percentages of individuals who will develop chronic HBV at childhood age, after age 5, and infants
- 5-10 % after age 5
- 30 % between age 1 and 5
- 90% infants infected at birth
-
how can you detect HBV immunity?
- presence of anti-HB's - this presence can be unknown due to people who have strong immune systems
- or from pretesting
-
name 3 effective ways to prevent HBV
- transmission in infancy and childhood
- enforce blood bank control measures
- enforce sterilization/disposable syringes and needles
-
describe the HBV active immunization
it is plasma derived, and has recombinant RNA
-
what is the most common chronic blood borne infection in the US? and has the most frequent indication for liver transplants?
Hepatitis C
-
what was the original name for Hep C?
hep non A, non B
-
how is HCV transmitted?
- percutaneous
- saliva
- nonpercutaneous
-
describe the onset of hepatitis C
pt can have no clinical symptoms, or can have abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and can progress to jaundice
-
what happens to pt with hep C after acute infection?
50-80% will become chronically infected (carriers) and more than 70% of those will develop serious liver disease
-
name 13 risk factors for Hep C
- severe liver disease may occur for those infected with HCV
- older than 40 at infection
- males
- moderate-heavy alcohol intake
- coinfection
- blood transfusion before 1991
- IV drug use
- intranasal cocaine user
- tattooing, ear/body piercing
- perinatal
- sexual
- hemodialysis
- organ transplantation
-
is there a vaccine for Hep C?
no
-
what is the best way to prevent hep C?
- strict standard precautions
- behavior modifications
- careful of transmission in childhood
- enforce blood banck control measures
- enforce sterilization/disposable syringe and needles
-
What is a coinfection with HBV?
Hepatitis D
-
how is Hep D (delta agent) transmitted?
- multiple exposures to HBV
- blood and body fluids
- contaminated needles
- sexual
- perinatal
-
is hep D or B more sever?
hep D
-
coinfection for Hep D
acute delta hepatitis occuring with acute HBV infection may lead to resolution of both types. clearance of HBV may lead to clearance of delta virus
-
superinfection of hep D
actue delta hepatitis is superimposed on an existing carrier HBV state. the HBV carrier state remains unchanged, and a delta carrier state may develop in addition
-
superimposition of hep D
chronic delta hepatitis superimposes on the chronic HBsAG carrier
-
How do you prevent Hep D?
- the same measures used for Hep B
- hep B immunization may protect against hep D
-
what is hep E (HEV) similar to?
hep A's clinical course and distribution
-
how is hep E transmitted?
- contaminated water
- person-to person through oral/fecal route
-
who are highly affected by hep E?
- adults more than children
- pregnant women
-
what is the best way to prevent hep E?
- sanitary disposal of waste
- handwashing
|
|