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birdyfbaby
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Form
A definite slipper shape
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Describe the internal structure of the Paramecium caudatum
- 1. Pellicle present
- 2. Endoplasm and ectoplam make up cytoplasm
- 3. Two nuclei present: micronucleus and macronucleus
- 4. Two contractile vacoules present: anterior and posterior
The definite shape makes visible anterior and posterior regions of the organism. In addition an oral groove suggests an oral surface as well as aboral surface.
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Describe the process of respiration
Same as amoeba and euglena no respitory structure and takes place by simple diffusion
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Describe the process of Excretion
Same as amoeba and euglena but the exception is that there are two contractile vacuoles.
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Describe how the Paramecium caudatum moves
- 1. Movement is by permanent locamotary structures called cila.
- 2. Each cilium is connected to a basal granule.
- 3. All basal granules are inter-connected just benneath the pellicle.
- 4. The entire locomotary "system" is referred to as a NEUROMOTOR SYSTEM.
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Describe the mode of nutrition of the Paramecium caudatum
- 1. Ingestion is at a single point via the oral groove then the mouth which leads to a cytopharynx.
- 2. At the end of cytopharynx a food vacuole is formed into this food vacoule is poured digestive enzymes as such digestion is INTRA-CELLUAR.
- 3. Undigested food material is egested via an opening called Anal pore or cytopyge.
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Explain reproduction in a Paramecium
- 1. Reproduces a-sexually and "sexually"
- 2. A-sexual reproduction is transverse binary fission (because its by width, the short side).
- 3. The MICRONUCLEUS divides into two micronuclei by mitosis.
- 4. The MACRONUCLEUS simply divides into two micronuclei without mitotic or meiotic cell division (amitotically).
The macronucleus does not have anything to do with a-sexual or sexual reproduction.
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Explain conjugation in a Paramecium
- 1. For of "sexual" reproduction
- 2. Two paramecium come together as mating conjugants.
- 3. Macronucleus degenerates in both paramecium.
- 4. In each paramecium the micronucleus form "male" and "female" pronuclei.
- 5. There is an exchange of "male" pronucleus between conjugants. The result is the formation of a zygotic nucleus.
- 6. There is no exchange of cytoplasmic material, conjugation is not a true form of sexual reproduction.
The significance of this is that it begins the differentiation of sex among living organisms
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