Endocrine System

• Growth Hormone (GH)
• Prolactin (PRL)
• Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
• Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

• Stimulates cells to increase in size and divide.
• It also enhances the movement of amino acids across cell membranes and speeds the rate at which cells utilize carbs and fats.

Stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth if an infant

Controls thyroid gland secretions

Controls the manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer (cortex) of the adrenal gland

• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
• Oxytocin (OT)

*Travel down axons

Decreases urine formation

Produces contractions in labor

Gonadotrophins

Gonadotrophins

• Thyroxine
• Triiodothyronine
• Calcitonin

• (4 atoms of iodine)
• increases rate of energy release from carbohydrates
• increases rate of protein synthesis
• accelerates growth
• stimulates activity in nervous system

• (3 atoms of iodine)
• 5 times more potent then thyroxine (T4)
• increases rate of energy release from carbohydrates
• increases rate of protein synthesis
• accelerates growth
• stimulates activity in nervous system

lowers blood calcium and phosphate ion concentrations by inhibiting release of calcium and phosphate ions from bones and by increasing excretion of these ions by kidneys

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

• increases blood calcium concentration and decreases blood phosphate ion concentration
• affects the bones, kidneys, and intestine

• adrenal cortex (outer)
• adrenal medulla (center)

• steroids:
• aldosterone
• cortisol
• adrenal androgens

helps regulate concentration of extracellular electrolytes by conserving sodium ions and excreting potassium ions

• decreases protein synthesis
• increases fatty acid release
• stimulates glucose synthesis from noncarbohydrates

supplement sex hormones from the gonads; may be converted to estrogens in females

• epinephrine
• norepinephrine

• increase heart rate, the force of cardiac muscle contraction, breathing rate, and blood glucose level
• elevate blood pressure and decrease digestive activity

• increase heart rate,the force of cardiac muscle contraction, breathing rate, and blood glucose level
• elevate blood pressure and decrease digestice activity

• pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans)
• Alpha cells - glucagon (hormone)
• Beta cells - insulin (hormone)

(Also functions as a exocrine gland and secretes digestive juice)

stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and convert certain noncarbs, such as amino acids, into glucose, raising blood sugar concentration

• stimulates the liver to form glycogen fron glucose and inhibits conversion on noncarbs into glucose
• has the special effect of promoting facilitated diffusion of glucose across cell membranes that have insulin receptors

melatonin hormone

• responds to lighting conditions outside the body
• in the dark melatonin secretion increases
• acts on certain brain regions that function as a "biological clock" and may thereby help to regulate sleep patterns

thymosines hormone

• affect the production and differentiation of certain white blood cells
• plays an important role in immunity