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etombs
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________________ measure chemical changes in the body
Chemoreceptors
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True or False - Pain receptors are not localized very well
True
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Pain from another part of the body can be known as what?
Refferred pain
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Hearing an equalibrium are measured by the ______?
Ears
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The four primary taste sensations are :Sour, bitter, Salty, and ______________
Sweet
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True or false: Spicy food activate pain receptors
True
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The Auditory tube is also know as the _____________
Eustachian tube
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The colored part of the eye is the _____________
Iris
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_________ Lenses cause light rays to diverge
Convave
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____________ are visual receptors responsible for color vision
Cones
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What kind of lense corrects nearsightedness
Concave
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___________ can stimulate bone growth
Physical excercise
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The jaw is also known as the ______________
Mandible
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The axial skeleton consists: skull, thoracic cage and the _________
vertebral column
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The knee cap is known as the _____________
Patella
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True or False: The foramen Magnum is the largest in the body and serves as an opening for the spinal chord
True
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The ___________ bones are located on each side of the skull just behind the frontal bone
Parietal
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There are _____ vertebrae in the thoracic region
12
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The knee cap is also known as the ___________
Patella
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___________ connect bone to bone
Ligaments
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____________ connect muscle to bone
Tendons
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the ____________ serve as shoick absorbers between two articulating surfaces
Menisci
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The shoulder is a __________ joint
Ball and socket joint
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The Elbow is a _____ joint
Hinge
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The ankle performs ___________ and ___________
Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
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The knee joint consists of the femur, tibia, and ______________
Patella
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the four ligaments in the knee are: MCL, LCL, ACL, and _______
PCL
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True or false: The radial collateral ligament holds the ulna to the radius
False
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the ____________ is the bony protrusion on the posterior side of the elbow joint
olecranon process
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The two types of protien filaments found in muscles are _____________ and _________
Actin, Myosin
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_______________ is the neurotransmitter that motor neurons use to control skeletal muscle
Acetylcholine
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As long as there is __________ you will have muscle contraction
Calcium
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True or false: Myoglobin creates a sense of fatigue in muscles.
False
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a ____________ contraction occurs with the lengthening of a muscle
Eccentric
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____________ twitch muscle fibers are dominant in endurance athletes
slow
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the ___________ performs knee extension
quadriceps
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the ________ is the strongest supinator in the body
Biceps
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The _____________ performs shoulder elevation
trapeizius
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The triceps perform elbow _____________
extension
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The three main bones making up the shoulder joint are
clavacle, scapula, humerous
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give two examples of hinge joins
Elbows and joints between the philanges of the finger
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Give two examples of ball and socket joints
Shoulder joint and hip joint
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name the five movements of the shoulder
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation
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the four bones making up the knee joint are:
PAtella, Femur, Tibia, Fibula
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The olfactory nerve is:
assocaited with smell
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the facial nerve does what
it moves the muscles of the face
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the ____________ nerve transmits impulses to the viscera
Vagus
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The glossopharyngeal nerve does all of the following except:
associated with hearing(it controls the tongue, swallow and the muscles of the neck)
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true or false: the optic nerve transmits impulses for facial expression
False
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True or false: the troclear nerve transmits impulses that raise eyelids
false
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the __________ nerve raises the eyelids
oculomotor
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The abducens nerve is associated with
movement of the eyes
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The accessory nerve does:
Swallows and moves neck
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The hypoglossal nerve does all the following except:
sense of smell (it actually swollows, moves the tongue and neck)
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the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of ____________ and ___________
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves
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true or false: the largest part of the brain is the medulla oblongata
false
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The ___________ is responsible for posture and balance
Cerebellum
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_________________ carry the message away from the neurons
Axon
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unmyelinated nerve tissue appears what color
gray
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if threshold potential is reached an _______________ results
action potential
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the three parts of a neuron are all of the following except:
d) mylen ( dentdrite, axon and cell body are correct parts of a neuron)
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________________ is the seat of intelligence and personailty
cerebrum
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true or false: the left hemisphere is dominant in most individuals
true
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the three parts of the brainstem are: pons, medulla oblongata, and ________________
midbrain
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____________ controls coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomitting
Medula oblongata
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true or false: Slow wave sleep is where your dreams occur
false
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The ____________ connects the brain to the spinal chord
brainstem
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True or false: there are only two ventricles in the brain
false
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CSF stands for
Cerebrospinal fluid
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an example of negative feedback is:
A) Blood clotting
B) digestion
C) Muscle Conentration
D) body tempurature
D) body tempurature (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Positive feedback in homeostitic control mechanisms ______________ actions of the body
increases
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True or False: Anatomical position requires the palms facing forward and thumbs out.
True
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The sagital plane divides the body into _______________
Left and right
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The transverse plane divides the body into _______________
superior and and inferior (top and bottom)
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The frontal plane divides the body into
anterior and posterior
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What is the most common type of feedback loop?
Negative
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What is the smallest particle of an element?
Atom
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Protons carry:
a positive charge
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True or false: A buffer does not resist ph change.
False
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a ___________ is the particle formed by the chemical union of two or more atoms
molecule
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Neutrons and __________________ are found in the nucleus of an atom
protons
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The second shell of an atom can hold up to:
8 electrons
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Matter is anything that has _____ and takes up space
Mass
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In bonding the ______ shells are filled 1st
lower
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____________ are positively charge Ions
cations
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true or false: a cation forms when an atome loses electrons
true
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true or false: a covalent bond forms by sharing electrons
true
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Hydrogen atoms form ______ bonds
single
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The basic building block of protien is:
Amino acids
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A neutral pH is equal to ____
7
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The three major parts of a cell are : the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ____________
cell membrane
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true or false: The cell membrane only has one layer.
False
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What is the powerhouse of the cell?
mitochondria
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The _______________ modifies, packages, and delivers protiens
Golgi aparatus
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Sperm cells often have ______________, a whiplike organelle that aids in motility
flagellum
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This organelle transports materials in the cell, provides attachment for ribisomes, and synthesizes lipids
the endoplasmic rectilium
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true or false: smooth ER has ribosomes
False
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in Diffusion, substances move from ___________ concentration , ___________ concentrations
higher, lower
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a solution that has lower osmotic pressure (water gain) is:
hypotonic
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in __________, smaller molecules are found through pourous membranes
filtration
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true or false: Active transport is where carrier molecules transport substannces across a membrane from regions of lower concentration to regions of higher concentration
true
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How do cells reproduce?
mitosis
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the process in which cytoplasm divides
cytokinesis
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In _____________ spindle fibers attach to the centromeres
metaphase
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an example of tight junctions would be:
cells that line the intestine
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There are four types of tissues: epithilia, connective, nervous, and __________
muscle
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Epithilial tissues include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) simple squamous
B) simple columnar
C) pseudostratified squamous
D) stratified squamous
C) pseudostratified squamous (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Stratified squamous tissues are found ______________
lining the oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal
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____________ is the major structural protien of the body
collagen
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True or false: Adipose tissue is also known as fat.
True
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Three kinds of cartilage are: fibrocartilage, elastic, and ___________
Hyaline
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The three kinds of muscle tissue include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) smooth
B) agonist
C) skeletal
D) cardiac
B) agonist (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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true or False: epithilial tissus are avascular
True
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The most abundant type of tissue is _____________
connective
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______________ cartilage is flexible and located on the external ear
elastic
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true or false: cartilage has good blood supply
false
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____________ are involved in clotting
platelets
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What type of muslce is voluntary?
Skeletal
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____________ is responsible for sensory reception
nervous
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Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
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ACTH (Adrenocortocotrpic Hormone)
- TSH (Thyroid Stimulating hormone)
- FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
- LH (luteinizing hormone)
- GH (Growth Hormone)
- PRL (Prolactin)
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Hormones of the posterior Pituitary
- ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
- Oxytocin
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Hormones of the Thyroid
- Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
- Calcitonin
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Hormones of the Parathyroids
PTH (Parathyroid hormone)
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Hormones of the adrenal medulla
epinephrine and noepinephrine
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Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
- cortisal (95% of glucoocorticoids)
- Aldosterone
- sex hormones
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Hormones of the Pacreatic islets
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GH function
promotes growth of all body tissues
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TSH functions
Stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones
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ACTH functions
stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones, and in protecting body in stree situations(injusry and pain)
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PRL functions
Stimulates milk secretion by mamary glands
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FSH functions
stimulates growth and hormone activity in ovarian follicles; stimulates growth of testes, promotes develpment of sperm cells
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LH functions
Causes development of corpus luteum at site of ruptured ovarian follicle in female, stimulates testosterone secretion in male
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ADH function
promotes reabsorbtion of water in kidneyt tubules; high concentrations causes constriction of blood vessles
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oxytocin functions
contraction of uterine muscle, cause milk ejection from mamry glands
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Thryoxine functions
increases metabolic rate, required for normal growth knfluences physical and mental activities
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Calcitonin function
decreases calium in blood level
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PTH functions
regualtes exchange of calcium between blood and bones, increase calcium leve in blood
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Epinephrine and neopinephrine
increase blood pressure and heart rate, activates cells influences by the sypathetic nervous system plus many not affected by the sympatheitc nerves
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Cortisol functions
aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, protiens, and fatsd, active during stress
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aldosterone functions
aids in regulating electyrolytes and water balance
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sex hormones function
may influence secondary sexual characteristics
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insulin functions
needed for transport of glucose into the cells, required for cellular metabolism of foods, especially glujcose, decreases blood sugar levels
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Glucogen functions
Stimulates live to release glucose, therby increasing blood sugar levels
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Testosterone functions
stimulates growth and development of sexual organs plus develoiment of secondary sexual characterstics such as hair, deepening voice, maturations of sperm cells
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Estrogen functions
stimulates growth and development of sexual organs plus develoiment of secondary sexual characterstics such as breasts and changes in pelvis
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progesterone functions
stimulates growth and development of sexual organs (uterine and tubes) prepares the uterine lining of egg implatation
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Thymosin functions
Promotes groth of T-cell active in immunity
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Melatonin functions
regualtes mood, sexual development, and daily cycles in response to the amount of light in the environment
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