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sweetpea281
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What is the placement order of PPE?
- Mask
- Glasses
- Wash hands
- Gloves
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What um is protected by the mask filtration?
> 3um is protected
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what um is NOT protected with the mask filtration?
< 3um is not protected
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what is the size of tuberculosis?
.5 to 1 um
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What is Resident Bacteria?
Stable normal Flora of the skin
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True/False. Resident Bacteria can be altered by new pathogens or washing of the hands?
True
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True/False. Resident Bacteria can be shed with exfoliation?
True
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What is transient bacteria?
bacteria on skin from contact
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how may transient bacteria be taken off your hands?
washing hands
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What are the indications for a routine handwash?
- before and after lunch
- before and after bathroom
- before and after gloving
- if gloves become torn
- if hands become contaminated
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When do you perform an antiseptic handwash?
AM and PM
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When do you perform an Antiseptic hand rub?
within the same patient appointment
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what are the four objectives of infection control?
- prevent transmission of infectious agent
- reduce level of pathogenic organisms
- eliminate cross contamination
- application of standard precautions
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what is process for instrument processing?
- instrument cleaning
- rinse and dry
- package
- seal
- sterilize
- store packages
- clinical use
- repeat
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what is the purpose (2) for instrument packaging?
- prevent contamination of sterilized instruments
- maintain sterile environment when storing instruments
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what are the three types of sterilization?
- moist heat-steam under pressure
- dry heat
- chemical vapor
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What things can not be used with steam under pressure?
- oils
- waxes
- powders
- or materials that can't be under high temp
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what is the temp, pressure, and time for steam under pressure?
- temp-120c 250 f
- pressure-15lbs
- time 15min or 30 for heavy load
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what are the advantages for steam under pressure?
- inexpensive
- quick
- economical
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what are the disadvantages for steam under pressure?
corrosive to some instruments
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How does Dry heat sterilize?
sterilizes thru oxidation (outside to inside)
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what can you sterilize with dry heat?
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what is the temp and time for dry heat?
- temp-160c 320f
- time 2hrs
- temp170c 340f
- time 1 hr
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what are the advantages for dry heat sterilization?
- used for things that can't be autoclaved
- no corrosion
- great for sharp instruments
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what are the disadvantages for dry heat sterilization?
- long time
- maintain high temp
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How does chemical vapor sterilization work?
combo of alcohols, formaldehyde, ketone, water and acetone heated under pressure produces gas that is an effective sterilizing agent
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what is the temp pressure and time for chemical vapor sterilization?
- temp 127-132c 260-270f
- pressure 20-40lbs
- time 20 min
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what are the advantages to chemical vapor sterilization?
- corrosion free
- short time
- easy to operate
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what are the disadvantages for chemical vapor sterilization?
- needs good ventilation
- odors
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What are the categories for chemical disinfectants?
- high level
- intermediate level
- low level
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what does a high level disinfectant do?
inactivates spores and all forms of bacteria fungi and viruses
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what does an intermediate level disinfectant do?
kills all microorganisms but not spores
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what does a low level disinfectant do?
inactivates vegetative bacteria and certain lipid type viruses
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What are the types of chemical disinfectants?
- surface
- immersion disinfection
- immersion sterilants
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what are the classifications of inanimate objects?
- critical
- semicritical
- noncritical
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what is a critical object and give and example.
- penetrates soft tissue
- needles curettes and probes
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what do you do with a critical object after using it during an appointment?
dispose or sterilize
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what is a semi critical object and give an example.
- doesn't penetrate mucus membrane just touches it
- mirror
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what must be done with semicritical objects after used during a patient appointment?
sterilize or high level disinfection
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what is a noncritical object and give an example.
- doesn't touch the mucus membrane
- light
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what must be done with an noncritical object after used during a patient appointment?
intermediate disinfection
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what is the water line maintenance pre appointment in the AM and the maintenance before and after each patient?
- AM-2 minutes
- Between patients-30 seconds
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What are the 2 objectives for the pre-procedural rinse?
- number of bacteria on gingival or mucosal surface is reduced
- substantivity of .12% chlorhexide provides lower bacterial count for >60 minutes
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What is the procedure following an occupational accident exposure?
- wash wound immediately with soap and water
- flush nose, mouth, eyes or skin with clear water, saline or sterile irrigant
- report to designated official
- complete incident report as required
- follow clinic procedures
- post exposure policies must follow guidelines given by the United States public health services
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What are six rules for patient introductions?
- always introduce yourself to the patient
- Always call by Mr. Mrs or Miss
- Lady's name proceeds gentlemen
- Older person before younger (when of the same sex)
- Patient name before dental personnel
- Elderly never by 1st name unless requested
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what are the four chair positions?
- upright
- semi-upright
- supine
- trendelenberg
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what are the contradictions to supine position?
- cardiovascular
- respiratory
- vertigo
- pregnancy
- requests (elderly)
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Define ergonomics
practice that makes work safe, decreases strain and fatigue, eliminating hazards, improve work process affecting health and well being of clinician and patient
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what is NWP?
neutral working position
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what are the 5 things to consider when thinking about relationship to patient and equipment?
- clinician chair-next to pt chair, thighs parallel to floor
- height of patient chair- at clinicians elbow
- dental light-easy to reach 45degrees max and straight on for man
- clinician- clock positions
- bracket table-level or below shoulders
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what are the 4 clock positions and what areas are they used for?
- 8 to 9- anterior surfaces toward
- 9- posterior surfaces toward
- 10-11-posterior surfaces away
- 12- anterior surfaces away
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what are the four uses of the mouth mirror?
- indirect vision
- illumination
- transillumination
- retraction
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what are the precautions for using the air/water syringe?
- alert patient
- avoid sharp blasts
- avoid air into pockets
- avoid deflecting saliva
- avoid patient throat
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what angle must the probe be inserted at?
parallel to long axis of the tooth
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where is the perio probe inserted at?
distal line angle
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what kind of strokes are used when probing?
walking strokes
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how many measurements are taken when probing and from where?
- 6 measurements
- 3 buccal and 3 lingual
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Can pockets be seen on radiographs?
no, must be probed
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define universal precautions
infection control in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens
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define standard precautions
infection control to protect dental health care personnel and patients from pathogens spread thru blood or other body fluids (except sweat)
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what are the modes of disease transmission?
- direct contact
- indirect contact
- airborne
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what are the 7 factors influencing infection development?
- presence of infectious agent
- number of organism
- duration of exposure
- virulence of the organism
- immune status of host
- general physical health of the host
- nutritional status of the host
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what are the characteristics of aerosols?
- less than 50 um but usually less than 5 um
- solid or liquid
- visible or invisible
- long air suspension
- less than 5um can go deep into lungs
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what are areosols created by?
- breathing
- coughing
- sneezing
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what are the characteristics of spatter?
- >50um
- shorter air suspension than aerosols because they are heavier
- visible especially when they land
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what are some ways spatter can be created?
- handpieces
- ultrasonics
- air water spray
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how is TB transmitted?
- inhalation
- aerosols
- not good standard precautions
- droplet nuclei through mask
- airborne
- ingestion
- direct inoculation
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how is hep A tansmitted?
- fecal/oral
- waterborne/food borne
- blood
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how is hep B transmitted?
- percutaneous
- blood transfusion
- sexual exposure
- perinatal transmission- in utero and birth
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how is hep B transmitted?
- percutaneous-blood, needles
- saliva
- nonpercutaneous- sexual and perinatal
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What is HHV1 (Herpes Labialis)?
- cold sore or fever blister
- get a prodrome-burning stinging before lesion
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what is HHV1 (herpes whitlow)?
- occurs on fingers- enters thru skin abrasions
- saliva, direct contact, nail biting
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what is HHV3 (varicella)?
- chicken pox
- highly contagious
- direct or indirect contact
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what is HHV3 (zoster)
- shingles
- latent in dorsal root ganglia
- localized or unilateral
- intraoral lesions when 2nd branch of trigeminal nerve is involved
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when can you legally defer a patients treatment?
with active TB
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when can you postpone treatment to another day?
with herpes lesion
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what are the (6) features of a health history?
- logical sequence
- quick identification
- space for patients comments
- space for interviewers notes
- size consistent with other ecordes
- other languages
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what are the two types of exams for health histories?
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what type of patients are required to take prophylatic antibiotics?
required for patients at risk for infective endocarditis for soft tissue instrumentation, that may create a bacteremia.
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what are some health indications for profphylatic antibiotic?
- prosthetic cardiac valves
- previous endocarditis
- congenital heart disease
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for prophlatic antibiotic patients what procedures do they need to take antibiotics for?
- manipulation of gingival tissue
- involving PA region of the tooth
- perforation of the oral mucosa
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