Theory 1

• Mask
• Glasses
• Wash hands
• Gloves

> 3um is protected

< 3um is not protected

.5 to 1 um

Stable normal Flora of the skin

True

True

bacteria on skin from contact

washing hands

• before and after lunch
• before and after bathroom
• before and after gloving
• if gloves become torn
• if hands become contaminated

AM and PM

within the same patient appointment

• prevent transmission of infectious agent
• reduce level of pathogenic organisms
• eliminate cross contamination
• application of standard precautions

• instrument cleaning
• rinse and dry
• package
• seal
• sterilize
• store packages
• clinical use
• repeat

• prevent contamination of sterilized instruments
• maintain sterile environment when storing instruments

• moist heat-steam under pressure
• dry heat
• chemical vapor

• oils
• waxes
• powders
• or materials that can't be under high temp

• temp-120c 250 f
• pressure-15lbs
• time 15min or 30 for heavy load

• inexpensive
• quick
• economical

corrosive to some instruments

sterilizes thru oxidation (outside to inside)

• oils
• powders
• burs

• temp-160c 320f
• time 2hrs
• temp170c 340f
• time 1 hr

• used for things that can't be autoclaved
• no corrosion
• great for sharp instruments

• long time
• maintain high temp

combo of alcohols, formaldehyde, ketone, water and acetone heated under pressure produces gas that is an effective sterilizing agent

• temp 127-132c 260-270f
• pressure 20-40lbs
• time 20 min

• corrosion free
• short time
• easy to operate

• needs good ventilation
• odors

• high level
• intermediate level
• low level

inactivates spores and all forms of bacteria fungi and viruses

kills all microorganisms but not spores

inactivates vegetative bacteria and certain lipid type viruses

• surface
• immersion disinfection
• immersion sterilants

• critical
• semicritical
• noncritical

• penetrates soft tissue
• needles curettes and probes

dispose or sterilize

• doesn't penetrate mucus membrane just touches it
• mirror

sterilize or high level disinfection

• doesn't touch the mucus membrane
• light

intermediate disinfection

• AM-2 minutes
• Between patients-30 seconds

• number of bacteria on gingival or mucosal surface is reduced
• substantivity of .12% chlorhexide provides lower bacterial count for >60 minutes

• wash wound immediately with soap and water
• flush nose, mouth, eyes or skin with clear water, saline or sterile irrigant
• report to designated official
• complete incident report as required
• follow clinic procedures
• post exposure policies must follow guidelines given by the United States public health services

• always introduce yourself to the patient
• Always call by Mr. Mrs or Miss
• Lady's name proceeds gentlemen
• Older person before younger (when of the same sex)
• Patient name before dental personnel
• Elderly never by 1st name unless requested

• upright
• semi-upright
• supine
• trendelenberg

• cardiovascular
• respiratory
• vertigo
• pregnancy
• requests (elderly)

practice that makes work safe, decreases strain and fatigue, eliminating hazards, improve work process affecting health and well being of clinician and patient

neutral working position

• clinician chair-next to pt chair, thighs parallel to floor
• height of patient chair- at clinicians elbow
• dental light-easy to reach 45degrees max and straight on for man
• clinician- clock positions
• bracket table-level or below shoulders

• 8 to 9- anterior surfaces toward
• 9- posterior surfaces toward
• 10-11-posterior surfaces away
• 12- anterior surfaces away

• indirect vision
• illumination
• transillumination
• retraction

• alert patient
• avoid sharp blasts
• avoid air into pockets
• avoid deflecting saliva
• avoid patient throat

parallel to long axis of the tooth

distal line angle

walking strokes

• 6 measurements
• 3 buccal and 3 lingual

no, must be probed

infection control in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens

infection control to protect dental health care personnel and patients from pathogens spread thru blood or other body fluids (except sweat)

• direct contact
• indirect contact
• airborne

• presence of infectious agent
• number of organism
• duration of exposure
• virulence of the organism
• immune status of host
• general physical health of the host
• nutritional status of the host

• less than 50 um but usually less than 5 um
• solid or liquid
• visible or invisible
• long air suspension
• less than 5um can go deep into lungs

• breathing
• coughing
• sneezing

• >50um
• shorter air suspension than aerosols because they are heavier
• visible especially when they land

• handpieces
• ultrasonics
• air water spray

• inhalation
• aerosols
• not good standard precautions
• droplet nuclei through mask
• airborne
• ingestion
• direct inoculation

• fecal/oral
• waterborne/food borne
• blood

• percutaneous
• blood transfusion
• sexual exposure
• perinatal transmission- in utero and birth

• percutaneous-blood, needles
• saliva
• nonpercutaneous- sexual and perinatal

• cold sore or fever blister
• get a prodrome-burning stinging before lesion

• occurs on fingers- enters thru skin abrasions
• saliva, direct contact, nail biting

• chicken pox
• highly contagious
• direct or indirect contact

• shingles
• latent in dorsal root ganglia
• localized or unilateral
• intraoral lesions when 2nd branch of trigeminal nerve is involved

with active TB

with herpes lesion

• logical sequence
• quick identification
• space for patients comments
• space for interviewers notes
• size consistent with other ecordes
• other languages

• questionnaire
• interview

required for patients at risk for infective endocarditis for soft tissue instrumentation, that may create a bacteremia.

• prosthetic cardiac valves
• previous endocarditis
• congenital heart disease

• manipulation of gingival tissue
• involving PA region of the tooth
• perforation of the oral mucosa