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What are the two genus under the Family Chlamydiaceae?
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These are obligate intracellular bacteria with a unique development cycle.
Chlaymidia
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These are gram negative, non motile organisms that replicate within cytoplasm of host cells.
Chlamydia
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how are chlaymdia organisms different than a virus?
- has DNA, RNA
- makes own protein
- sensitve to anitbiotics
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Chlaymidia are considered energy parasites that use host cell-produced _____ for own requirements?
ATP
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what are the three Chlamydiaceae organsims?
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Chlamidophila psittaci
- Chlamidophila pneumoniae
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Chlamydia trachomatis have what tow natural hosts?
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how many subtypes of Chlamydia trachomatis are there?
17
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what are the four subtypes of C. trachomatis that cuases trachoma and TRIC (inclusion conjunctivitis)?
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This is the infectious Dx of cornea and conjuctiva that is a common preventable form of blindness?
Chlamydia trachomatis
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What are the subtypes of Chlamydia trachomatis that causes nongonococcal urethritis (NUG)?
D-K
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Chlamydia trachomatis subtypes D-K are associated with _____ of urethritis, cervicitis, PID, and epididymitis?
60%
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what are the three subgroups of Chlamydia trachomatis that causes Lymphogranuloma venereum?
L1, L2, L3 LGV
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this is an infectious venereal disease characterized by primay ulcer and lymphadenopathy, may become chronic with genital hyperplasia, rectal strictures, fistulas and sinuses?
Lymphogranuloma venereum
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This organism cuases infections of the lungs and is transmitted by birds.
Chlamydophila psittaci
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This organism is also known as TWAR.
Chlamydophil pneumoniae
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This organism causes pneumonia, sinusitis, and flu-like symptoms that may be severe for immunocompromised patients.
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
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how is C. pneumoniae diagnosed?
serologically
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ture or fale
All three Chlamydia/Chlamydophilas are not related at all.
false
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this is the infectious stage of the Chlamydia growth cycle where bacteria are adapted for extracellular survival?
Elementary body
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In what growth cycle stage do Chlamydia have rigid walls and are non-metabolic?
elementary body
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what are the size of Chlamydia in the elementary body stage?
0.25-.035 um
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this stage of the growth cycle is also called the reticulate body, chlamydia organisms are adapted for intracellular environment.
Initial body
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this stage of the growth cycle has metabolic activity and a flexible wall.
initial body
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in what stage of the growth cycle do chlamydia organisms replicate?
initial body
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what is the size or chlamyida organisms in the initial body?
0.5-1.0um
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How do elementary bodies enter a cell?
phagosome
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EB prevent what cellular function?
phagolysosomal fusion
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EB re-organizes and enlarge and form what within the cell?
initial body
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how long does it take for binary fission to occur?
>8 hours
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how long after infection does the IB fill the cytoplasm and host cell to dispace the nucleus?
18-24 hours
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true or false
Some IB's can revert back to EB's?
true
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after this happens there is a release of elementary bodies to initiate another cycle of infection.
host cell rupture
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chlamydia organisms are collected from what involved cells?
epithelial cells
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For collection of what organism should you NOT use purulent discharge?
Chlamydia
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for NGU, use _________ swab, insert _________ cm into urethra, apply adequate pressure.
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For cervical and ocular specimens the mucosa should be scraped using what type of collection media?
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Cotton should not be used for collection of what media becuase it is toxic?
Chlamydia
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collection of LGV samles should be collecting from what?
bubo aspirates of fluctuant nodes
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Swabs, scrapings, and small tissues of chlamydia should be collected in what two special transport mediums?
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Chlamydia specimens should be refrigerated at 4oC if processed w/in ____ hours.
24
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Chlamydia specimens should be frozen at what temperature if not processed within 24 hours.
-75oC
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clinical Chlamydia specimens should be shaken with _________ prior to inoculation.
glass beads
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Methods of tissue culture for what organsims are beyond capabilities of most clinical micro labs and should be forwarded to reference laboratory.
Chlamydia
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What are the three tissue cells appropriate for Chlamydia culture?
- Mccoy (mouse)
- Hella229 (human)
- Monkey kidney cells
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what is the most sensitve direct method to detect and ID Chlamydia in symtomatic patients?
DFA
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This is an old method for Chlamydia ID where scrapings are air-dried and inclusions appear as reddish-brown masses recognizable under low magnification.
Iodine staining technique
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This new technology is more sensitive and specific, it amplifies target DNA and allows use of urine.
PCR amplification
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This technique uses poly/monoclonal Ab to detect outer membrane proteins of organisms. It has questionable specificity (False +).
ELISA
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Mycoplasmataceae are aslo known as what?
Pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO)
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These fastidious organisms are highly pleomorphic and has no true cell wall which makes them very susceptible to drying.
Mycoplasmatacaea
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Mycoplasmatacaea has a triple layered _________ membrane.
plasma
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Most Mycoplasmatacaea organisms require what for nutrition?
cholesterol
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What family of organisms cannot be gram stained but are technically gram negative.
Mycoplasmatacaea
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Mycoplasmatacaea re best visualized using what type of microscopy?
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what is a clue to identification of mycoplasmatacae?
anatomic site of infection
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What are the two genuses of Mycoplasmataceae?
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What are the three species of Mycoplasma?
- M. pneumoniae
- M. hominis
- M. genitalium
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What is the species of Ureaplasma?
U. urealyticum
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What is the natural host of M. pneumoniae?
man
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This organism is not considered normal flora, and causes 50% of community acqured pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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This is the etiological agent of cold-hemagglutinin associated with primary atypical pneumonia (PAP).
M. pneumoniae
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Mycoplasma pnumoniae is the etiological agent of what disease that is a rarely fatal subclinical infection related to respiratory epithelium?
Walking pneumonia
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ture or false
some patients of walking pneumonia are asymptomatic.
true
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these two organisms are a natural host of the GU tract of humans known as genital mycoplasmas.
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
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Distribution and habitat of this organism is unknown but it is frequently seen in cervicitis and endometriosis.
M. genitalium
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what percent of NGU is caused by M. geitalium?
15-20%
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This organism is collected from fluid samples with no anticoagulant, dacron or Ca alginate swabs should be used.
Mycoplasma
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What genus requires beef or soybean protein and serum for cultivation?
Mycoplasma
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what is the media used for M. pneumoniae?
biphasic SP-4
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after incubation at 37oC for 4 weeks, this organism will appear as spherical grainy, yellowis fors embedded in agar?
M. pneumoniae
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What media is used for genital mycoplasmas?
A7 to A8 agar
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Genital mycoplasmas should be incuabted at 37oC for 7 days if using what form of media?
broths
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Genital mycoplasmas should be incubated at 37oC, with 5% CO2 or anaerobic for 2-5 days when using what form of media?
Agars
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This organism will appear as dark, brownish clumps on the A7 to A8 agar.
U. urealyticum
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This organism will appear as fried eggs on the A7 to A8 agar.
M. hominis
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Cold agglutinin test is used to detect what organism becuased 50% of patients produce this antibody.
M. pneumoniae
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what is the most widely used serological test for ID of M. pneumoniae?
ELISA
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true or false
sero studes for seginal mycoplasma is rarely used.
true
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