Ch. 4 Grammar

• -α -α
• -ης -ᾱς
• -ῃ -ᾳ
• -αν -αν

• -αι
• -ῶν
• -αις
• -ᾱς

• -ης -ᾱς
• -ου -ου
• -ῃ -ᾳ
• -ην -ᾱν
• -α, -η -ᾱ

• -αι
• -ῶν
• -αις
• -ᾱς
• -αι

• -ός -οί
• -οῦ -ῶν
• -ῳ~ -οῖς
• -όν -ούς
• -έ -οί

• -ή -αί
• -ῆς -ῶν
• -ῃ~ -αῖς
• -ήν -ᾱ΄ς

• -όν -ά
• -οῦ -ῶν
• -ῳ~ν - οῖς
• -όν -ά
• -όν -ά

• M/F: ος, ου, ῳ, ον, ε, οι, ων, οις, ους
• Neu: ον, ου, ῳ, ον, ον, α, ων, οις, α

gender, number, case

Where an adjective agrees with a noun accompanied by the article, but it itself is not preceded by the article. Translated with linking verb "is" or "are" = nominal sentences. Nominal sentences are complete when not in attributive position. The subject usually has the article, but the predicate noun does not.

• It consists of two statements. One makes an assumption; the other follows from that assumption (If then statements). Assumption = protasis, conclusion= apodosis.
• [No verb in a conditional sentence can be translated until the type of conditional sentence is identified!]

• - Future more vivid
• - Future less vivid
• - Present general
• - Past general
• - Present contrafactual
• - Past contrafactual

• Protasis: ἐαν (if..) + subjunctive
• Apodosis: Future Indicative
• Translation: Does/ will do
• Ex: If he sends a messenger, they will stop the battle.

• Protasis: εἰ (if..) + optative
• Apodosis: optative + ἄν
• Translation: should do/ would do
• Ex: if he should send a messenger, they would stop the battle.

• Protasis: ἐαν + subjunctive
• Apodosis: present indicative
• Translation: does/does
• Ex: If he sends a messenger, they stop the battle

• Protasis: εἰ + optative
• Apodosis: imperfect indicative
• Translation: did/did
• Ex: If he sent a messenger, they stopped the battle

• Protasis: εἰ + imperfect indicative
• Apodosis: imperfect indicative + ἄν
• Translation: were doing/would be doing
• Ex: If he were sending a mess..., the would be stopping..

• Protasis: εἰ + aorist indicative
• Apodosis: aorist indicative + ἄν
• Translation: had done/ would have done
• Ex: If he had sent.. they would have stopped...