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These are irregular, non-sporing gram positive rods that are coryneform or club shaped?
Corynebacterium
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Corynebacterium are non-acid fast organisms that have what catalase result?
+
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This bacteria is also known as Klebs-Loeffler bacillus
C. diphtheriae
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What are the three biotypes of C. diphtheriae?
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What are the five species of Corynebacterium?
- C. diptheriae
- C. pseudotuberculosis
- C. xerosis
- C. pseudodiphteriticum
- C. jeikeium
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C. diphtheriae is spead by resiratory ___________, contact with _________ lesions or contaminated __________.
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what type of toxins do C. diphtheriae produce?
cytotoxin
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Respiratory cytotoxins produced by C. diphtheriae cause what?
pharyngitis
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Cutaneous cytotoxins produced by C. diphtheriae cause what?
non-healing ulcers
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C. xerosis is a ____________ pathogen that causes endocarditis and septicemia.
opportunistic
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C. pseudotuberculosis is also known as what?
C. ovis
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This Corynebacterium causes pneumonia and granulomatous lymphadenitis?
C. pseudotuberculosis
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This Corynebacterium causes Pneumonia, lung abcesses, and is associated with endocarditis.
C. pseudodiphthericum
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These are GPRs that resemble and may be confused with C. diphtheriae, primarily opportunistic pathogens.
Diphtheroids
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C. diphtheria is collected from what two sources?
- Nasopharyngeal
- Oropharyngeal
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What type of sawbs are used to collect C. diphtheria from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cultures?
Calcium alginate swab
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What three media are used to plate C. diphtheriae?
- BAP
- CHOC (1% tween 80)
- Cystine-tellurite agar
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This media is used for primary isolation of C. diphtheriae.
Cystine-tellurite agar
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what is the inhibitor in the Cystine-tellurite agar?
Potassium tellurite
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Growth of C. diphtheriae on the Cystine-tellurite agar will appear as what?
gray or black colonies
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What biotypes of C. diphtheriae will appear as medium, white and opaque colonies on the BAP?
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What biotype of C. diptheriae will appear as small gray and translucent colonies on the BAP?
intermedius
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This media supports growth for all species of Corynebacterium while inhibiting normal flora.
Modified Tinsdale medium
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This media is a Cystine-sodium thiosulfate tellurite.
modified tinsdale medium
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what will the appearance of Corynebacterium be on a modified tinsdale medium?
black colonies with brown halo
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how is the Modified Tinsdale medium inoculated?
- Isolation
- Stab to enhance brown color
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In this medium serum and egg stimulates production of metachromatic granules in Corynebacterium.
Loeffler serum slant
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What stain is used for Crynebacterium?
methylene-blue
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what is the bacteria that has metachromatic granules?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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C. diphtheriae displays what type of hemolysis on the BAP?
beta
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what causes blackening of the medium on the cystine tellurite agar?
tellurite reduction
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Toxigenicity testing is used for isolated organisms to determine ________ state?
carrier
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what Toxigenicty testing is used for In vitro organisms?
Elek immunodiffusion test
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Toxigenicity testing is also known as what?
virulence testing
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In this toxigenicity test paper stips with diptheria antitoxin are placed below the surface of agar.
Elek immunodiffusion test
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What is the reult of 45oC percipitation on the Elek immunodiffusion test?
+
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What Toxigenicity test is used for In-vivo testing?
2 guinea pigs
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for in-vivo testing of C. diphtheriae, the first guinea pig is injected with what?
- 250 units antitoxin
- 2 hours inject with 4 ml unknown
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For in-vivo testing of C. diphtheriae, the second guinea pig is injected with what?
The unknown
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This Toxogenicity test is used to determine toxicity or neutralization of cytopathic effect.
Tissue culture test
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These are Gram positive bacilli that are occasionally gram variable, asporogenous, short, coccobacillary to diphtheroidal and occasionally form chains.
Listeria
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What is the BEM result for Listeria?
+
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what is the distinctive test for listeria?
Motility +
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This is a halotolerant bacteria that grows over a wide range of temperature on ordinary media.
Listeria
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What is the temperature range for Listeria?
2.5-35oC
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Listeria can survive up to ____ NaCl at 4oC for 8 weeks.
20%
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What is the glucose fermentation result of listeria?
+
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What is the CAMP and H/H result of Listeria?
+
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True or false
Listeria are regular, spore forming GPR.
- False
- Listeria are regular, nonsporing GPR
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What are the species of Listeria?
L. monocytogenes and others
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What is the prime reservoir for Listeriosis?
livestock and poultry
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This is a disease in a wide variety of fish, birds, and mammals, it is associated with abortion and encephalitis in sheep and cattle.
Listeriosis
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Listeriosis is caused by what bacteria?
Listeria monocytogenes
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This is an uncommon, but very significant human pathogen that causes bacteremia and meningitis in immunosuppresed, but only mild food poisoning in healthy persons.
Listeriosis
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True or false
Listeria monocytogenes can be transmitted congenitally.
true
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This bacteria can cause genital infection with habitual abortions.
L. monocytogenes
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This is when L. monocytogenes is transmitted by contact with infected animal tissues, usually in vets and livestock handlers. It is also associated with food borne transmission.
Zoonosis
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What is the catalase result for L. moncytogenes?
+
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L. monocytogenes has what type of motility in the hanging drop method?
tumbling
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L. monocytogenes grows better at ________ than 35oC.
20-25oC
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This organism has a pinpoint or small, translucent, gray narrow zone of beta-hemolysis on the BAP. It also has an umbrelly type growth observed in semisolid motility media.
L. moncytogenes
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Listeria moncytogenes is often confused with what two bacteria? why?
- Haemophilus (GMS morphology)
- Streptococci (BEM +, growth at 6.5% NaCl, Camp +, Hippurate +)
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This culture technique is used for L. monocytogenes specimens having heavily mixed flor (e.g. tissue)
Cold enrichment technique
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For cold enrichment technique in L. moncytogenes how is the specimen incubated?
4oC for 1-6 months
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what technique of culturing L. moncytogenes requires continuous subculturing?
Cold Enrichment Technique
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True or false
L. moncytogenes will stop growing when using the Cold Enrichment Technique.
- false
- Although temperatue is 4oC L. monocytogenes will continue to grow
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This GPR has a tendency to form long unbranched filaments, and may exhibit thickening and granular beading.
Erysipelothrix
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What is the TSI result that Erysipelothrix exhibits which is rare for a GPR?
H2S +
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what is the species in Erysipelothrix.
E. rhusiophathiae
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This is a swine pathogen that is seen in buthers, fisherman and vets.
E. rhusiophathiae
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What is the human disease caused by E. rhusiophathiae?
Erysipeloid
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What is the pathogenicity infrequently seen in E. rhusiophathiae?
Endocarditis or septicemia with relatively high mortality rates
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What are the three recommended specimens for processing E. rhusiophathiae?
- Biopsy
- Tissue aspirate
- Blood
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This organism appears as pinpoint, circular, convex, transparent or larger rough colonies with matt surface and fimbriated edge that is slightly alpha or gamma hemolytic on the BAP.
E. rhusiophathiae
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Which GPR simulates miniature anthrax-type colonies on the BAP?
E. rhusiophathiae
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what is the motility result for E. rhusiophathiae?
=
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what organism has a test tube brush pattern of growth in motility media?
Erysipelothrix
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Lactobacillus has a chain formation that is common and a tendency to form ________.
palisades
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What is the organism that produces lactic acid from glucose as major metabolic end product?
Lactobacillus
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what type of oxygen user is lactobacillus?
- microaerophilic
- facultative anaerobe
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What is the GPR that is usually negative for catalase, motility, H2S and BEM?
lactobacillus
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This organism is prominent flora in the vagina, colon, mouth, and part of mixed flora.
lactobacillus
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This organism is seen in pleuropulmonary infections and dental caries.
Lactobacillus
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What GPR grows well on BAP and CHOC and has a small and greenish alpha hemolytic zone on the BAP.
Lactobacillus
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This organism is commercially used in the dairy industry.
Lactobacillus
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What is this GPR?
Catalase: +
Motility: =
H2S: =
Esc: =
B hem: =
Corynebacterium
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What is this GPR?
Catalse: +
Motility: +
H2S: =
Esc: +
B hem: +
Listeria
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what is this GPR?
Catalse: =
Motility: =
H2S: +
Esc: =
B hem: =
Erysipelothrix
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What is this GPR?
Catalase: =
motility: =
H2S: =
Esc: =
B hem: =
Lactobacillus
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this ubiquitous, GPR, is endospore forming and has + motility.
Bacillus
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which bacillus exists in air and dust, may be a common contaminant.
B. subtilis
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What are the three forms of B. anthracis?
- cutaneous (most common)
- Pulmonary (100% fatal)
- Gastrointestinal
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what is the etiological agent of anthrax?
B. anthracis
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what Bacillus species may be used as a bioweapon because spores persist for long periods in contaminated materials.
B. anthracis
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What are the two types of food posioning caused by B. cereus?
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This Bacillus causes two forms of food poisoning and traumatic eye infections.
B. cereus
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This bacteria is used as sterility control for steam autoclave procedures and food canning.
B. stearothermophilus
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B. stearothermophilus is a thermophilic bacteria that grows at what temp?
65oC
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true or false
B. stearothermophilus spores occur in soil in all climactic zones.
true
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These are large to med, flat, irregular, non-hemolytic, light grey GPR, that may have a ground glass appearance on older cultures.
B. anthracis
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when viewed under dissecting microscope B. anthracis has serrated margis with what classical appearance?
medusa head
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B. anthracis colonies show ______ when manipulated on BAP?
tenacity
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this bacillus closely resembles Pseudomonas on the BAP?
B. subtilis
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any isolate of Bacillus morphologically suggestive of B. anthracis should immediately be submitted to who?
CDC
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This Bacillus appears as long chains resembling a jointed bamboo rod and has extensive sporulation with a gram stain.
B. anthracis
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These are standardized spore suspension culutre mediums with a pH indicator.
Seal glass ampule (BBL "Killit")
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what is the pH indicator on the sealed glass ampule (BBL "killit")?
bromcresol blue
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this is filter paper strips impregnated with spores, dehydrated culture media, and pH indicator.
sporestrips (BBL "killit" sporestrips)
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turbidity indicates what result in BBL "killit"?
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Growth + on BBL "killit" indicates what?
not sterile
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