The flashcards below were created by user
everythingshiny
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Wh/ diuretics are most often RX as maintenance for HTN?
- Loop
- K-sparing
- Thiazide-like
-
Wh/ class of diuretics could lead to hyperkalemia?
- K-sparing diuretics
- such as:
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Triamterene (dyrenium)
- Amiloride (Midamor)
-
What is the best time of day for PT to take their diuretics?
Why?
- In the A.M.
- To pervent sleep disturbances
-
What is the suffix for ACE inhibitors?
- pril
-
What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?
- Dizziness
- OH
- Hyperkalemia
- Cough
- H/A
-
What is the action for ACE inhibitors?
They decrease peripheral vascular resistance without
- Increasing cardiac output
- Increasing cardiac rate
- Increasing cardiac contractility
-
What dose ACE stand for?
- A-angiotensin
- C-converting
- E-enzyme
-
What is the mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?
- Blocks the enzyme that converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
- They work throught the reini-angiotensin-aldosterone system
-
When should you notify the MD when administering furisemide?
If urine output dose not increase in 5-20 min
-
What could result from pushing furosemide too fast?
Could result in hearing loss
-
What is the push rate of IV furosemide?
10-20 mG/min
-
What is the expected therapeutic outcome of diuretic therapy?
- Decrease B/P (diuretics are the 1st line agent HTN)
- Decrease edema
-
What is the relationship btwn bld glucose and diuretic?
- Thiazide and Loop diuretics promote hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
- (monitor bld glucose because exacerbate diabetes)
-
What are the S/S of K depletion/hypokalamia
- Muscle weakness
- ABD distension
- leg cramps
- cardiac dysrhythmia
-
What is angina?
(chest pain) occurs when the O2 supply demand of the heart is greater than the supply
-
How are Ca channel blockers effewctive as anti-arrhythmics?
- They block the Ca channel wh/ causes a slowing of conduction in the artial and AV node
- They are also used to control ventricular response to atrial fibrillation and flutter
-
How are beta blockers effective anti-arrhythmics?
Reduce cardiac stimulation by blocking stimulation of the beta1 receptors wh/ reduces HR and contractility
-
Wh/ classes of anti-HTN drugs can also be used as anti-arrhythmics?
- Beat blockers
- Ca channel blockers
-
what are the major S/E of nitrates?
- H/A
- (Wh/ can be treated w acetaminophen and usu diminishes over time)
- Reflex tachycardia
- Hypotension
-
How do nitrates relieve angina?
- By producing vasodilation of the venous system wh/ reduces preload and workload of the heart
- Dilate coronary arteries
-
Wh/ antihypertnasives are also used for dysrhythmias and angina?
Ca Channel blockers
-
What is important teaching on beta blockers?
- BB can mask the S/S of hypoglycemia
- Thye can cause activity intolerance and fatigue
- They blut activity induced heart increases
- May worsen CHF
-
What is the fxn of diuretics in managing hypertension?
Decreasing circulating bld volume
-
Why is it necessary for clients taking loop diuretics to eat food rich in K/take a k supplement?
Loop diuretics promote depletion of H2O, K, Na, Ca, Mg
-
What is the mechanism of action for K-sparing diuretics?
- Block aldosterone receptors in the distial tubules
- Interfere w Na/K exchange in the collecting and convoluted tubules
-
What are the most commonly used diuretics?
Thiazide
-
What is the mechanism of action of Thiazide?
- inhibit reabsorption of Cl and Na in the distial tubules
- Promote Ca reabsorption
- Promote hyperglycemia
-
What are loop diuretics more potent?
Because they block Cl
-
What is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics?
- Block absorption of sodium from the loop of henle
- They block Na and Cl reabsorption in the ascending loop of henle
-
What is the goals of HTN therapy?
- Reduce pump action
- Vasodilation
- Reduce volume
-
What is the suffix for Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers?
-sartan
-
What is the suffix for beta blockers?
-
What class of anti-HTN drugs are associated w 1st pass phenomenon?
Alpha-1 Adrenergic blockers
-
What is the 1st dose phenomenon?
PT suffers from syncope and dizziness and are instructed to take medications a bedtime
-
Which anti-HTN drug has cough and hyperkalemia as a common S/E?
ACE inhibitors
-
What is the peak of long acting insulins?
NO PEAK
-
What is the onset of long acting insulins?
2-3 hours
-
What is the duration of long acting insulins?
20-24 hours
-
What is the peak of short acting insulins?
2-4 hours
-
What is the duration of short acting insulins?
5-7 hours
-
What is the onest of short acting insulins
30-60min
-
Wh/ insilins are used for meal time coverage?
- Short acting
- regular insulin (novolin R and Humulin R)
-
Wh/ insulins are used for basal coverage?
- intermediate acting insulins
- (NPH, Isophane insulin suspension)
-
What should a PT do if they miss a dose of digixon?
- Take missed dose w in 12 hours of scheduled dose or do not take it at all
- DO NOT double doses
- Contact MD if 2 days of doses are missed
-
What is a sign that anti-arrhythmics are acheiving their therapeutic effect?
- Increase in cardiac output (positive intropic effect)
- Slowing of the heart rate (negative chronotropic effect)
-
What are the common S/E of digixon?
- Fatigue
- H/A
- Vision disturbances (yellow, green, blurry)
- Arrhythmias
- Bradycardia
- anorexia
- N/V
- electrolyte imbalances
-
What is the effects of diurectis on digixion levels?
- may cause hypokalemia
- (increase risk of toxicity)
-
What are some things that should be monitored w the PT on digitalis?
- K
- MG
- CA
- hepatic and renal functioning
-
What are the effects of low K levels in the PT on digitalis?
Hypokalemia may make the PT more susceptible to digitalis toxicity
-
Wha are the expected outcomes of the PT on digixon?
- They have both a positive inotropic effect (increased cardiac output)
- Negative chronotropic effect (slowing of the heart rate)
-
What is dromotrophic effect?
- Effect the conduction of current
- Negative= decrease in conduction activity of a current
- Positive= increase in conduction activity current
-
What is chronotropic effect?
- Affecting the rhythm of the movements of the heart (heartbeat)
- Positive= increasing the HR
- Negative=decreasing the HR
-
What is an intropic effect?
- Affects the contraction of the muscles (especially the heart)
- Increases the myocardial contractility therefore affecting the force of muscle contractions
-
What is the antidote for digoxin?
Digoxin immune fab (Digibind) IV diluted in 50 mL of NS over 30 min
-
What is the therapeutic range for digixon?
- 0.5-2.0
- serum digixon levels sould me monitored closely
-
What are the S/S of digixon toxicity?
- Anorexia
- diarrhea
- N/V
- Bradycardia (<60BPM)
- Premature ventricular contractions
- confusion
- visual disurbances
-
How are BB helpful for MI
They block the stimulatioin of Beta 1 receptors wh/ results in reduced HR, conduction, and contractility
-
How do Beta adrenergic blockers relieve angina?
- BB decrease workload of the heart wh/ decreases the O2 need
- They also reduce angina by recucing contractility and arterial B/P wh/ reduces after load
|
|