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christal
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GI tract is also known as what.......
alimentary canal
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Organs in GI tract.....
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- sm/lg intestine
- rectum
- anus
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what type of drugs treat: ulcers, diarrhea, constipation, gallstones, ibs, and ulcerative colitis?
GI drugs
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_____ulcers are found in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.
peptic ulcers
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if you have too much hydrochloric acid, aspirin, alcohol you might have....
peptic ulcer
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what was the first and only drug used to treat peptic ulcers?
antacid drugs
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_______is only used to prevent hearburn, and acid intergestion.
antacid drugs
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amphojel contains aluminum meaning......
antacid drugs
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another form of this drug contains magnesium and is ducolax. what drug is this?
antacid
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what is an antacid drug that contains calcium.....
tums
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what does combination antacids contain?
aluminum, calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, and sometimes simethicone.
ex: alk-seltzer,mylanta
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what contains too much sodium and is not good for us, especially, if we have high blood pressure?
baking soda
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drugs that block receptors that release histamine into the body and prevent the release of acids are....
h2 blockers
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an example of a h2 blocker drug would be...
pepcid
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_________blocks last step of acid production in gastric parietal cell.
proton pump inhibitors
ex: prevacid
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gastrogard is used on horses for gastric ulcers!?
true
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can patients on long terms aspirin or NSAIDS develop gastric ulcers.
true
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cytotec
synthetic prostaglandin to replace natural one
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carafate
NOT considered an antacid or H2 blocker goes directly to ulcer forming protective layer from gastric juices
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what is H-pylori?
bacteria that lives in gastric or duodenal mucosa and is cause of most peptic ulcers
- *uses combo drugs
- ex: nexium
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helidac is a combo drug for...
H-pylori
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what does GERD stand for?
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
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what causes GERD
stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus causing pain/burning irritation.
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what is Nexium known as
little purple pill
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a GI stimulant to treat GERD is
Reglan
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a spasm is cramps causing pain.
true
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when spasms become too strong antichholinergic drugs can b given such as......
bentyl
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_____drugs slows peristalsis and absorbs extra water from diarrhea stools.
antidiarrheal drugs
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name a antidiarrheal drug..
imodium
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is constipation consider to b a GI problem?
yes
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osmotic laxatives attracts water from blood to soften stool
ex: epsom salt
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bulk producing laxatives
fiber to hold water into intestine keep stool soft
ex: metamucil
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stool softener laxatives allow fat in stool to mix w water to soften
ex: colace
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chloride channel laxatives
stimulate channels in intestinal mucosal wall causes fluid to flow into intestine softening stool.
NO DRUGS
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irritant/stimulant laxatives act on intestinal mucosa to stimulate peristalsis
ex ducolax
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other laxatives allowing carbon dioxide gas in form of foam to soften stool
ex: mineral oil
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combination laxatives contains osmotic, bulk, stool softener, irritant/stimulant, and mineral oil
ex: peri-colace
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bowel evacuatns/enemas given orally or by suppository,they evacuate colon.
ex: fleets enema
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ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease are chronic disease w/o known cause.
- diarrhea, abdominal pain, inflammation, and ulcers.
- treated with antispasmodics and anti-inflammatory drugs
- ex: clonidine
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IBS is another chronic disease of colon with many same symptoms of ulcerative colitis plus, bloating, excessive mucus secreation, and diarrhea/constipation.
- antianxiety/antidiarrheal/laxative drugs are used.
- ex: xanax
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gastric stimulants clean out intestines
ex: reglan
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drugs to treat N/V are antiemetics
ex: phenergan, dramamine
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gallstones
most drugs do not abolish them. 50% reoccur
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hemorrhoids are enlarged swollen veins in rectum and perianal. can b ichy and painful
ex: preparation h
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lipase inhibitor drugs bond to lipase so cannot break down dietary fat.
ex: xenical
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appetite suppressant drugs/anorexiant drugs make one not hungry
ex: meridia
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common respiratory diseases....
- asthma
- bronchitis
- COPD
- bacterial/viral infections lung
- TB
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bronchodilators relax smooth muscle that surrounds bronchioles allowing to dialate and increase air flow
ex: albuterol
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what drug is given to stop premature labor contractions?
bricanyl
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corticosteroid drugs suppress inflammatory response of immune system
it does NOT serve as a bronchodilator
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a combination corticosteroid drug
advair
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leukotriene receptor blocker drugs prevent and treat asthma.
produced natrually
meds block production of leukotriene
ex: singulair
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mast cell stabilizer drug given to prevent release of histamines cause bronchospasms during an allergic reaction or asthma attack.
NOT bronchodilatiors
ex: cromolyn
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legionnaire's disease caused by gram negative bacteria that grows in old water causing pneumonia.
ex: cipro
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tuberculosis drugs caused by gram-positive bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis spread by airborne droplets from coughing.
treatment is usually 6-12 months
INH
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expectorant drugs which reduce viscosity or thickness of mucus in lungs so that patients can cough it up.
only prescribed for productive coughs
ex: mucinex
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to stop smoking there is
gum
transdermal patch
nasal spray
lozenge
tablet
ex: nicoderm
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respiratory distress syndrome alveoli in the lungs reduce surface tension keep aveoli open when we exhale.
given to premies who's lungs haven't matured yet.
ex: survanta
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ventilator patients
- to relad skeletal muscles and paralyze pts so they dono't fight ventilator and don't tire.
- to sedate pt
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paralyzing pt
succinylcholine
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