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acmolt
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Why is proper positioning of the skull and sinuses critical?
to ensure bilateral symmetry and to permit an evaluation of the complex anatomy and structural relationships
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What projection should be done if the patient can NOT stand/sit? Why is this important?
cross table lateral to demonstrate an air-fluid level
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What are the Meninges and where are they located?
- Pia mater-innermost layer adhering to the outer surface of the brain
- Dura mater-tough, outermost layer
- arachnoid membrane- cob weblike layer in between the two
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What is mastoid ecchymosis also known as?
battle's sign
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What is a Diastatic Fracture?
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How does a linear skull fracture appear radiographically?
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A depressed fracture is also known as what?
ping pong fracture
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What is a hematoma between the skull and the dura that shows up as a bioconvex shape?
Epidural hematoma
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What type of hematoma is creasant shaped?
Subdural Hematoma
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Why is the nasal bone the most common facial bone fracture?
smallest and more free floating bone
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The "waters" view will demonstrate what? (facial bones)
bony nasal septum
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What is a blow out fracture?
caused by a direct blow to the front of the orbit that causes a rapid increase in intraorbital pressure. Said to have a sagging hammocklike appearance or trap door variety
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What is another term for the SMV view?
Jug handle?
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This is the most common area/site for a mandible fracture?
angle of the mandible
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What is a Le Fort fracture?
separation at the fracture site results in the formation of a large, complex, detached fragment that is unstable and classified as type 1, 2, or 3
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What is TIA?
Transient Ischemic attack (mini stroke)
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What is another term for Cerebrovascular accident?
stroke
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What is involved in a Tripod Fracture of the Zygoma?
the max. sinus, zygomatic arch, and lateral orbital rim
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What is most commonly affeted with a stoke?
internal carotid arteries
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What is the most commonly affected sinus with Sinusitits?
Maxillary sinus
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What is the difference between an Erythrocyte and a leukocyter?
erthrocyte is a red blood cell and leukocyte is white bood cells
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What is Aneamia and Sickle cell aneamia?
Anemia is a decrease in the amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the peripheral blood. Sickle cell anemia is when the hemoglobin molecules are abnormal and red cells are crescentic/sickle shaped and tend to rupture.
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What is Thalassemia?
defect in hemoglobin formation, occurs in people who live near the mediterranean Sea, Italian, greek sicilian
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What are the common diseases of the White Blood Cells?
leukemia,lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis
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What are some radiologic signs of Leukemia
transverse radiolucent bands at the metaphyseal ends of the long bones, most common with the knee, ankles,and writsts. some patchy moth-eaten appearances occur
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What are the non skeletal radiographic representations for Leukemia adn Lymphoma?
- lymphoma=mediastinal lymph node enlargement
- leukemia= splenomagly
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What is an example of a platelet disorder?
Purpura, aka. thrombocytopenia
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What are the 4 primary glands?
pituitary, adrenal, thyroid and parathyroid glands.
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What diseases is/are related to the adrenal glands?
Cushings syndrome, hypoadrenalism,
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What diseasees is/are related to the pituitary gland?
Hyperpituitarism(gigantism), Hypopituitarism
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What diseases is /are related to the thyroid gland?
hyperthroidism, hypothyroidism
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What is also known as Retarded bone age?
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What is a test that is commonly used for Thyroid Gland Disease?
Radioactive iodine scanning
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What is the difference between Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathroidism?
- Hyperparathyroidism= results form the excessive production of the thyroid hormone, more common in females
- Hypoparathyroidism= results form any structural or functional abnormality that leads to an insufficent synthesis of thyroid hormone.
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What are the 2 forms of Diabetes mellitus?
insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent
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What is known as the "Master Gland"?
pituitary gland
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What is the difference between hyperpituitarism and Hypopituitarism?
- hyperpituitarism=excess of growth hormone, results in gigantism and acromegaly, results in thickening of the heel pads and bones of the skull thickened
- hypopituitarism=decreased function of the pituitary gland causing dwarfisim
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What disease would cause Thick Bony Tufts?
Hyperpituitarism?
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Who is more likely to develop Grave's disease?
is more likely to develop in third and forth decades and more in woman, (form of hyperthyroidism)
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What are some radiographic appearances of Diabetes?
atherosclerosis disease, ischemia, calcifications, masses
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What is hemophilia?
an inherited anomaly of blood coagulation that appears clincally only in males.
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What is the difference between Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma?
- Hodgkins is most common and originate in the lymph nodes
- Non-Hodgkins are of extranodal orgin or orginate in other parts of the body and less common
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What type of diabetes do children and younger adults get?
Type 1
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How often should a person with gestational diabetes monitor their blood glucose levels?
Daily
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Fequent infections and blurred vision are examples of what type of diabetes?
Type 2
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T/F Type 1 diabetes is the most common.
F Type 2
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Which hormone is needed to convert sugar and starch into energy for daily life?
Insulin
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What does Leukemia mean in the greek language>
White blood
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T/F There are 4 types of leukemia.
True
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What are some signs and symptoms of Leukemia?
Headache, weakness or tired, pain in bones, fevers, weightloss, abnormal bruising or bleeding
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T/F you can do a chest x-ray to diagnose leukemia/
T
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What is the cause of leukemia?
unknown, but may be from high level radiation exposure, viruses, genes, chemicals
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What are the two divisions of Lymphoma?
hodgkins and nonhodgkins
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What are some signs and symptoms of lymphoma?
chest pain, nausea, swelling of lymph nodes, weight loss, fatigue, red patches
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What are some treatments for lymphoma?
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery
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T/F non-hodgkins is the most popular type of lymphoma.
F
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What factors determine the treatment and prognoisis of lyphoma?
Type, stage, growth, age/health of patient
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What does a linear fracture look like?
straight line, sharp radiolucent line
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What is a diastatic fracture?
fracture along the suture
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What is the medical term for elevation?
gyri
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What is the term for grooves?
sulci
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What is the basic unit of the NS?
neuron
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T/F hematomas and protrusions can occur anywhere in the brain.
T
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What routine would you do for a nasal bone?
R and L laterals and a waters
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What do the frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, and ethmoid develop/appear?
- frontal-10
- sphenoid-2-3
- maxillary-birth/1
- ethmoid-6
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What is the best view for a depressed fracture?
tangential view
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What immune system produces cells that fight off infection?
lyphocytes
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What disease process has a hair on end appearance?
thalasima
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When does a ivory vertebrea occur?
in lymphoma
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Where is the pituitary gland found in?
sella turcica
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T/F Mandibular fractures are bilateral
T
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T/F gestational diabetes is tempoary.
T
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T/F you should decrease your tech. for a nasal bone
T
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cushions occurs with what gland?
adrenal
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dwarfism occurs in what gland?
pituitary gland
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