Mycology 7.14

A branch of botony dealing with fungi.

A disease caused by fungi; a fungal infection in or on a part of the body.

A kingdom of plantlike spore-forming organisms that grow in masses with out roots, stems, leaves, or photosynthetic pigments.

A closed sac-like structure where sporangiospores are formed. (Large sac-like structure).

A single celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus.

A spore formed by budding, as in yeasts; thin-walled and water-balloon-like.

a spore formed by the rounding-up of a cell; thick walled; intercalary or terminal postion; it is not shed.

an organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutition.

A plant that derives its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.

hyphae that are subdivided into individual cells by transverse walls.

those without walls.

basic structural unit of mold, tube like projections.

elongated buds that have failed to separate and are connected together to form a link-of-sausage appearance.

loose network of hyphae.

what are the two types of mycelium?

This type of mycelium is the nutrients absorbing and water exchanging portion.

This type of mycelium extends above the substrate.

Unicellular fungus that reproduce by budding.

What is the size of yeast?

what CDC biosafety levels should be used when handling fungi?

What class of saftey cabinet should be used when handling fungi?

These are single cell forms of fungi.

These are multiple cells of fungi that form filaments.

true or false
Fungi lack chlorophyll.

These are hetrotrophic, saprophytic and/or parasitic organisms that reproduce by spores, either sexually or asexually.

Tubular filaments or threads that are branched or unbranched.

this is a mass of hyphae.

these mycelium project above the substrate and may be comprised of or support elaborate spore bearing, fruiting bodies.

True hyphae are filamentous, flat-ended cells that form __________ cells, do not show points of constriction.

Pseudohyphae have regular points of _________ (link sausages)

Pseudohyphae are produced in nutritionally _____ environments.

Pseudohyphae may bud to form _________ (yeast cells) with lesser diameter than true hyphae.

What are the three types of clinically significant hyphae, and their characteristics?

These fungi are cottony, wooly, powdery, or fluffy and have an optimum temperature of 25-30^oC.

These fungi are smooth, pasty, mucoid, and butyraceous, they have an optimum temperature of 35-37^oC.

these fungi possess both mold and yeast phases.

What are the six medically important dimorphic fungi?

Which medically important dimorphic fungi is thermally dimorphic?

Dimorphic fungi in this phase produce delicate hyphae, <1-2 mm, this form of colonies have cobwebs or hair like appearance.

Dimorphic fungi in this pahse can grow on media with cyclohexamide or antifungal.

This is when fungi have a dark pigment.

This is when fungi have an absence of color.

Battery recommendations for growth of fungi is with or without ________, with or without __________, and antibacterial agents.

What size culture tubes are recommended for growth of fungi?

What are three advantages of large culture tubes?

What are two disadvantages of large culture tubes?

______ plugged tubes are unsatisfactory for growth of fungi.

what are three advantages of petri-dishes for growth of fungi?

what are two disadvantages of petri-dishes for growth of fungi?

What are the three systemic mycoses that are hazardous for cultivation on petri-dishes?

what is the BHI agar used for primary recovery of fungi?

What are the two antibiotics added to make media selective for fungi?

What is the broad spectrum, bacteriostatic antibiotic used to make media selective for fungi?

What is the inhibitory antibiotic that also inhibits saprophytic fungi?

mold/fungi should be incubated at what temperature on the BHI agar?

yeast should be incubated at what temperature on the BHI agar?

BHI agar is used for recovery of _________ and _________ fungi.

SABHI agar is used for isolation of significant fungi from __________ specimen (i.e. sputum)

SABHI agar is used for isolation of _________ and pathogenic fungi.

This fungus selection agar is also used for isolation from specimen with normal flora for _________.

this medium is selective for dermatophytes for screening purposes only.

Dermatophytes infect what three parts of the body?

this agar is used for nutritionally deficient C. albicans which produce chlamydospores.

This agar is used for differential ID of aspergillus species.

All mold cultures and clinical specimens must be handled in what class BSC?

Spore and hyphae stain gram ________.

Candida albicans appear as what color in grams stain?

what percent KOH is used for direct microscopic examination of fungi?

this is used for demonstrating fungal hyphae and spores in clinical material.

KOH clears opaque material and hydrolyzes the _________ in epithelium.

This is used to detect mycoses in infected hairs by fluorescing a bright, yellow-green light

before using a wood's black light the affected skin should be washed with what?

_____ may accelerate clearing process in KOH (may be overdone).

under KOH examination hyphae demonstrate what?

these appear as branching hyphae, occasional arthrospores in KOH.

These appear as short, stubby hyphal elements and grape-like clusters of spores in KOH.

This appears as pseudohyphaer and chlamydospores/blastospores in KOH.

Hyphae do not grow __________ (e.g. sharp acute or right angles)

Fungal morphology using ______ mounts is the basis of textbook descriptions of fungi.

This stain, used for fungi, is fungicidal and sporicidal

Fungal mycelium and fruiting structures take on what color in the LCB stain?

What are the two types of negative stains?

Negative stain is routinely utilized for staining what?

Negative stain demonstrate large capsules enveloping bastospres of what organism?

The germ tube test is used to ID what organism?

What is the reagent used in the germ tube test?

the germ tube test should be incubated for how long at 35^oC.

the germ tube test is not valid if examined after __ hours.

in this test yeast species are differentiated based on carbon and nitrogen usage.

if the yeast assimilation test is positive it will show what?

what are the three commercial kits used for yeast assimilation test?

This fungi test consists of an organism suspension plus carbohydrate, if positive it will show gas bubbles.

This test is rarely used because it has a long incubation and has been replaced with the assimilation test, used as a backup.

this test was designed for microscopic examination of fungi in its natural state, dermatophytes only.

What are the two materials used in the slide technique for fungi?

What is the fungi stain used for the slide culture procedure?

This fungi procedure uses dissecting needles or pointed applicator sticks to dig out small portion of colony to be examined and tease it apart.

doing this to colonies disrupts delicate fruiting structures of filamentous molds.

This fungi preparation is better suited to preserve spore arrangements, especially delicate filamentous molds.

The scotch tape prepartion procedure can be used from what two sources.

the scotch tape prepartion can be used from skin for the diagnosis of what?

this stain is used to detect fungi and fungal elements, nocardia spp. do not stain well.

This stain is used with a fluorescence microscope along with KOH. fungal elements show apple-green or blue-white fluorescence.

This type of mycoses causes superficial scaling and rarely invades depper tissues.

Cutaneous mycoses demonstrate __________ and _________ only.

clinical types of cutaneous mycoses are designated by __________ binomia.

This is the most important cause of tinea capitis in school children.

This is spread by direct contact with infected haris on caps, hats, combs, clippers, causes hair to fluoresce.

This causes an inflammatory Tinea capitis, zoophilic, ususally acquired from puppies and kittens.

This is the most common species of fungi isolated, causes T. barbae, T. capitis, T. corporis, T. pedis, and onychomycosis.

This is the second most common fungal species isolated, causes T. pedis, T. corporis, T. cruris, onychromycosis.

This is the causative organism of Tinea versicolor.

This causes T. corporis and T. capitis recovered from hair and skin.

This organism is associdated with tinea cruris and Tinea pedis.

This organism is associated with cutaneous candidiasis/moniliasis, systemic dx in immune compromised, and Thrush.

this type of mycoses is caused by fungi inhabiting soil/decaying vegetation, usually induced by trauma. Some individuals predisposed to systemic infections.

This organism is hazardous to gardeners, florists, causes sporotrichosis or "rose gardener's dx"

This type of mycoses is soid fungi involved, and causes infections due to inhalation of spores, disseminated forms invade organs.

This is the causative organism of coccidiomycosis or "Valley fever".

This is the causative organism of histoplasmosis, or "Spelunker's dx," found in bat and pigeon droppings.

This organims is often confused with Leishmania because it has a similar morphology and found in RE system.

This organism causes blastomycosis.

This organism causes paracoccidiomycosis.

These are nonpathogenic fungus that cause subcutaneous and disseminated infection in immunosuppressed or debilitated patients.

What is the treatment for opportunistic mycoses?

This is an opportunistic mycoses that produces large, ribbon-like hyphae, ID by presence/absence of rhizoids, structure and position.

What are the three commonly encountered zygomycetes?

this opportunistic mycoses caues cryptococcosis.

This opportunistic mycoses causes aspergillosis, and is the most frequently encountered fungus in the lab.

What is the most common species of Aspergillus?

this opportunistic mycoses is isolated from mucocutaneous infection to disseminated infection.