PSY Chapters 4 & 8

a learned set of rules that always leads to the correct solution of a problem

Defects in the cornea, lens or eye that cause some areas of vision to be out of focus

• three small bones that link the eardrum with the cochlea
• Common names: hammer, anvil, stirrup

a person's age in years

purported ability to perceive evetns or gain information in ways that appear unaffected by distance or normal physical barriers

snail shaped organ that makes up the inner ear

process of thinking or mentally processing information (images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols)

process of classifing information into meaninful categories

an idea representing a category of related objects or events

poor transfer of sounds from the eardrum to the inner ear

visual receptors for colors and daylight visual acuity

thinking directed toward discovery of a single established correct answer; conventional thinking

clear membrane on the eye that bends light in ward

thinking that produces many ideas or alternatives; a major element in original or creative thought

purported ability to perceive events in ways that cannot explained by known capacities of the sensory organs

tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, expecially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives

a rigidity in problems solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects

either the possession of a high IQ or special talents or aptitudes

set of rules for combining language units into meaninful speech or writing

sense of taste

part of the Corti inside the cochlea that detect waves in the fluid

any strategy or technique that aids problem solving, especially by limiting the number of possible solutions to be tired

difficulty focusing nearby objects (farsightedness)

thought that is intutive, haphazard or irrational

a sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious

presence of a developmental disability, a formal IQ score below 70, or a significant impairment of adaptive behavior

global capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment

an index of intelligence defined aw a person's mental age divided by his or her chronological age and multiplied by 100

words or symbols, and rules for combinig them, that are used for thinking and communication

drawing conclusions on the basis of formal principles of reasoning

average mental ability people display at a given age

smallest, meaninful units in a language, such as syllables or words

difficulty focusing distant objects (nearsightedness)

damage caused by exposing the hair cells to excessively loud sounds

sense of smell

how novel or unsual your ideas are

membrane on the concelea that moves back and forth. it makes waves in the fluid inside the cochlea as it moves back and forth

mental process of organizing ssensations into meaningful patterns

basic speech sounds of a language

light sensitive cells

visible, external part of the ear

purported ability to perceive or accurately predict future events

farsightedness caused by aging

event that seem to lie outside of the realm of accepted scientific law

reported ability to exert influence over inanimated objects (such as bending spoons) by will power, "mind over matter"

light sensitive layer of cells at the back of the eye

visual receptors for dim light that produce only black and white sensations

visual receptors for dim light that produce only black and white sensations

study of meanings in words and language

a sensory impression; also the process of detecting physical energies with the sensory organs

loss of hearing caused by damage to the inner ear hair cells or auditory nerves

codes used by the sense organs to transmit information to the brain

specialized endings of cells that collect information about the environment and activates at least five different sensations: light touch, pressure, pain, cold, and warmth

rulse for ordering words when forming sentences

receptor organ for taste

reported ability to communicate directly with another person's mind

eardrum

a deeper comprehension of the nature of the problem

tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives

rigidity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects

• emotional
• cultural
• learned
• perceptual barriers

inhibition and fear of making a fool of oneself, fear of making a mistake. inability to tolerate ambiguity, excessive self-critisim

values that hold that fantasy is a waste of time; that playfulness is for children only; that reason logic and numbers are good; that feelings, intuitions, plreasure and humor are bad or have no value in the serious business problem solutions

conventions about uses, meanings, possibilities, taboos

habits leading to a failure to identify important elements of a problem