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Derivatives of the Cartilage of the 1st Pharyngeal Arch - Maxillary Process
- Maxilla
- Zygoma
- Portions of Temporal bone and Vomer
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Derivatives of the (Meckel) Cartilage of the 1st Pharyngeal Arch - Mandibular Process
- Mandible
- Malleus and Incus in middle ear
- Anterior ligament of malleus
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Derivatives of the (Reichert) Cartilage of the 2nd Pharyngeal Arch
- Stapes in middle ear
- Styloid process
- Stylohyoid ligament
- Cranial portion of hyoid bone (Lesser Cornu)
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Derivatives of the Cartilage of the 3rd Pharyngeal Arch
Caudal portion of Hyoid (Greater Cornu and Body)
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Derivatives of the Cartilage of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches.
- Thyroid Cartilage
- Cricoid Cartilage
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Muscles derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch and their innervation.
- Muscles of Mastication
- Ant. Belly of digastric m.
- Masseter m.
- Mylohyoid m.
- Temporalis m.
- Tensor tympani m.
- Medial and Lateral Pterygoid mm.
- Innervated by CNV (Maxillary (V2) and Mandibular (V3) branches of Trigeminal n.)
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Muscles derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch and their innervation.
- Muscles of Facial Expression and Lateral ChinFrontalis m.
- Obicularis Oris/Oculi mm.
- Platysma m. ect.
- Stylohyoid m.
- Posterior Belly of Digastric m.
- Stapedius m.
- Innervated by CNVII (Facial n.)
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Muscles derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch and their innervation.
- Stylopharyngeus m.
- Innervated by CNIX (Glossopharyngeal n.)
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Muscles derived from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches and their innervation.
- Pharyngeal mm.
- Innervated by CNX (Vagus n.)
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General sensory innervation of the tongue.
Mandibular branch (V2) of CNV (Trigeminal n.)
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Special sensory (taste) innervation of the tongue.
CNVII (Facial n.)
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Derivatives of the 1st Pharyngeal Pouch
- Tubotympanic Recess
- Tympanic (middle ear) cavity
- Mastoid antrum
- Auditory Tube (open this when popping ears)
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Derivatives of the 2nd Pharyngeal Pouch
- Palatine Tonsils
- Colonization of this area by lymphoid cells
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Derivatives of the 3rd Pharyngeal Pouch
- Ventral
- Thymus Migrates to sternum – training site for T-Lymphocytes
- Dorsal
- Inferior Parathyroid Glands
- Initially tied to thymus so drug inferiorly
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Derivatives of the 4th Pharyngeal Pouch
- Ventral
- Ultimopharangeal Body
- Descends slightly toward the neck
- Incorporate into developing Thyroid
- Deferentiate into Parafollicular cells (C-cells) of thyroid – produce calcatonin
- Dorsal
- Superior parathyroid glands
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Derivatives of the 1st Pharyngeal Groove/Cleft
External Acoustic Meatus
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Derivatives of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Pharyngeal Groove/Cleft
- Cervical vesicle (eventually degenerates)
- Surface smoothes out neckline
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Where does primordial Thyroid develop?
Midline endodermal outpocketing between 1st and 2nd Pharyngeal Pouches
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Elongating tube of primordial Thyroid.
Thyroglossal duct
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Opening of Thyroglossal duct in pharynx.
Foramen cecum.
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Derivation of anterior tongue.
- Derived from 1st pharyngeal arch
- Lateral lingual swellings
- Median lingual swelling (tubercular impar)
- These fuse to form the midline groove (median sulcus)
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Derivation of posterior tongue.
- Copula in 2nd arch is overgrown by 3rd and 4th arch growth
- Hypopharyngeal eminence (3rd and 4th arches)
- Converge and fuse – terminal sulcus
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Nerve supply to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
Trigeminal n. (CNV) – Mandibular Branch (V2)
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Nerve supply to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
- Glossopharyngeal n. (CNIX)
- The posterior tongue is mostly derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch.
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Nerve supply to muscles of the tongue.
Hypoglossal n. (CNXII)
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Five lumps of the face.
- Frontonasal Prominence
- Left and Right Maxillary Prominences (of 1st Pharyngeal arch)
- Left and Right Mandibular Prominences (of 1st Pharyngeal arch)
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Thickening in the ectoderm on either side of the Frontonasal prominence
Nasal Placode
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Depression in the nasal placode
- Nasal Pit
- Medial and Lateral Prominences develop around the nasal pit
- Come together slightly forming nasal sac
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Ridges in nasal cavity formed by proliferation of mesenchyme under endoderm
Nasal conchae
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Three components of the intermaxillary segment and what they form.
- Labial component – upper lip
- Upper jaw component – teeth buds of 4 incisors
- Palatal component – primary palate
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Formation of Secondary Palate
- Lateral palatal processes from maxillary prominence of 1st arch
- Fuse in midline separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
- Cleft palate if these do not fuse properly
- Nasal septum grows down and fuses with the secondary palate
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Point of fusion between the palatine shelves and the primary palate.
Incisive Foramen
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