The flashcards below were created by user
Rx2013
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
CNS Effects of Muscarinic Antagonists
-
Bronchial effects of muscarinic antagonsists
- bronchodilation
- decreased secretion
-
GI effects of muscarinit antagonists
- reduced motility & tone
- constipation
-
Glands effect of muscarinit antagonists
dry skin, conjunctiva and mouth
-
Eye effects of muscarinic antagonists
- long lasting mydriasis
- cycloplegia
- sandy eyes
- contraindicated in glaucoma
-
Bladder effects of muscarinic antagonists
- urinary retention
- enuresis
-
Clinical uses of muscarinic antagonists
- motion sickness
- dysuria/urgency
- parkinsonism
- diarrhea
- COPD if unresponsive to B2 agonists
- prevent vagal reflexes during surgery
-
Most common use for muscarinic antagonists
- pupil dilation in eye exams
- contraindicated in narrow angle glaucoma
-
Muscarinic antagonists are an antidote to
anticholinesterases and muscarinic agonists
-
Pralidoxime
removes inhibitors that inactivate AChE
-
Toxicities of muscarinic antagonists
opposite of SLUDGE
-
CNS Effects of muscarinic antagonist toxicities
- sedation
- amnesia
- delirium
- coma or convulsions
-
Contraindications of Muscarinic Antagonists
- angle-closure glaucoma
- prostatic hyperplasia
- acid-peptic disease (non-selective agents)
- M1 = stomach acid secretion
- M2 = GI movement
-
Atropine
- muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
- belladonna alkaloid
-
Uses for atropine
- cosmetic (increase pupil size)
- medicine (decrease diarrhea)
- poison
-
Cardiovascular Effects of atropine
- increased HR
- increased Strength
-
Respiratory effects of atropine
relaxation of bronchial muscles
-
GI effects with atropine
decreased motility and secretions
-
GU effects of atropine
acts on kidney and ureters
-
Atropine effects in the EYE
- blocks sphincter muscle resulting in mydriasis
- weakens ciliary muscle leading to cycloplegia (loss of accomidation)
-
Toxic effects of atropine
-
Scopolamine
- belladonna alkaloid
- muscarinic antagonist
- greater CNS activity
- more sedative
-
Use of scopolamine
- prevent and treat motion sickness
- preanesthetic (dry secretions)
-
Synthetic muscarinic antagonists
- propantheline
- methantheline
- tolterodine
-
propantheline
- synthetic muscarinic antagonist
- used for peptic ulcers
- slows gastric emptying
- decreases GI tone, motility and secretions
-
Methantheline
- synthetic muscarinic antagonist
- anti-saliva drug
-
tolterodine
- synthetic muscarinic antagonist
- some M3 selectivity
- treatment of urinary incontinece in adults
-
Cyclopentolate
- Antagonist
- mydriasis
- cycloplegia
-
Glycopyrolate
- antagonist
- preoperative med
- IBS
-
Tropicamide
- dilation
- mydriasis
- cycloplegia
-
Phenylephrine
- alpha agonist
- mydriasis without cycloplegia
- reverse with pilocarpine or alpha blocker
-
Ipratropium
- dry mouth
- cough
- metalic taste
- used for COPD, Asthma and Nasal rhinorrhea
-
Treatment of reversible AChE inhibition
Atropine
-
treatment of irreversible AChE inhibition
-
Nicotine
stimulation and blockade of nicotinic receptors in high doses
-
Competitive nicotinic ganglionic antagonists
- trimethaphan
- TEA
- mecamylamine (low doses)
-
Non-competitive nicotinic ganglionic antagonists
- hexamethonium
- mecamylamine (high doses)
-
Neuromuscular junction nicotinic competitive antagonist
- tubocurarine
- blocks acces to receptor binding site
- does not cross BBB
-
Neuromuscular junction depolarizing agents
- succinylcholine
- vecuronium
- pancuronium
-
CNS effects of ganglionic blockers (nicotinic antagonists)
-
Eye effects of ganglionic blockers
- predictable cycloplegia
- unpredictable pupil effect
- predominant parasympathetic effect - dilation ?
-
Cardiovascular effects of nicotinic antagonist ganglionic blockers
- hypotension
- moderate tachycardia
-
Other effects of ganglionic blockers
- GI constipation
- urinary retention
- erection and ejaculation dysfunction
- increased response to autonomic drugs
-
Curare
poison which paralyzes respiratory muscles
-
Drugs altering the synthesis, release or degradation of ACh
- hemicholinium
- botulinium toxin
- black widow spider venom
- tetrodotoxin
- dantroline
-
Hemicholinium
ACh reuptake inhibitor
-
Botulinum toxin
prevents release of ACh by interfering with Ca2+ influx
-
Black widow spider venom (latrotoxin)
increases ACh release
-
Tetrodotoxin
Na+ Channel blocker
-
Dantrolene
depresses excitation contraction coupling inside muscle cells
|
|