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sweetpea281
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t/f for an intraoral exam a checklist is best to be used for keeping record?
false-no checklist
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why can't you use a checklist for record keeping on an intraoral exam?
need space to write and take notes and describe
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what must be kept in the records of an intraoral exam?
- complete description
- follow-up exam
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in obtaining the history about a lesion what things must you ask the patient (5)
- lesion known or unknown
- first noticed
- recurrence
- duration, changes
- symptoms
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what five things must you not when charting the location and extent?
- location in relation to other structures
- localized
- generalized
- single lesion
- multiple
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what two things must be charted when documenting shape and size?
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how is the shape and size measured?
mm with the probe
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what colors are common for a lesion?
red, pink, white, red/white
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what colors are rare with a lesion
purple, blue, gray, yellow, black and brown
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how do you describe the surface texture of a lesion?
smooth or irregular
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what three things describe the consistancy
- soft, spongy, resillient
- hard
- indurated
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define indurated
abnormally hard
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what are the three types of blisterform? describe each
- vesicle-white small 1 cm or less contains cirum
- pustule-yellow fluid-medium more than 1 cm or less
- bulla-large filled with fluid more than 1 cm, can contain blood
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what are the four types of nonblisterform? describe each
- papule-less than 5mm (pinhead) solid pointed round or flat
- nodule-bigger 1-5mm white or pink
- tumor-2 cm or greater can be benign or malignant
- plaque-large generalized white area, raised lesion broad flat top larger than 5 mm
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what are the two types of depressed lesions?
- ulcer-concave, loss of continuity of epithelium, center gray or yellow with red border results from rupture of raised lesion. Usually means healing stage
- erosion-bigger than plaque, shallow and doesn't go into epithelium
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what are the characteristics of a flat lesion?
- single or multiple
- regular or irregular
- macule-flat lesion
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what is the number one defense for oral cancer?
dental professional
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what is the main objective of the IO exam?
detect oral cancer early
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where is the most common location for oral cancer?
floor of mouth and lateral borders of the tongue
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what is the job of the dental hygienist in the oral cancer screening?
identify abnormalities and bring to the attention of doctor, not our job to diagnose
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who can perform an oral cancer screening?
- the patient (teach them)
- dental team
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what do whiter areas of oral cancer look like?
- filmy to thick
- fissures, ulcers, indurations
- leukoplakia
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what kind of cancer is white?
leukoplakia
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describe leukoplakia
- white patch or plaque
- buccal mucosa
- cannot be scraped off with gaze
- fungus (antibiotics)
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t/f if a white patch scrapes off and is red underneath you note it and bring it to the attention of the doctor
true
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describe a read area of oral cancer
- velvety
- small ulcers
- erythroplakia
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describe erythroplakia
red patch or plaque
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t/f palpation of an ulcer reveals induration
true-hard nodule or is hard underneath
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t/f masses are below normal mucosa and can be palpated
true-usually fixed not movable
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what is the pigmentation of early cancer?
brown or black
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what are two diagnostic aids for detecting oral cancer
- toluidine blue-stain tissues with a biopsy
- chemiluminescence- a light used to show different tissues
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what is an excisional biopsy?
entire lesion is removed
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what is an incisional biopsy
sample of lesion is taken
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what are some indications to take a biopsy?
- unusual lesions
- 2 weeks without healing
- mass-doesn't break the surface of epithelium
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who makes the decision to take a biopsy?
the dentist
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what are the limitations of a cytologic smear
- inefficient-when lesion is clearly pathologic
- surface lesions-only
- heavily keratinized lesions-can't get enough tissue
- not exclusively diagnostic
- false negatives
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what is a cytologic smear
sample taken and put on slide
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what are the six results possible for a lab report?
- unsatifactory-cells on slide not good enough
- class I-normal
- class II-atypical
- class III-uncertain
- class IV-probably for cancer
- class V-positive for cancer
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with what results on the lab report would you refer the pt for a biopsy?
class IV or V
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which result on a lab report would you reevaluate?
class III
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what would you do if the results on the lab report were a class I or II
monitor and take notes
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what would you do with a lab report that comes back negative?
follow up and recheck if lesion is still there (can be a false negative)
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what are the four physical characteristics of a lesion to be noted?
- size and shape
- color
- surface texture
- consistency
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define neoplasm
new growth of abnormal cells
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