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Degeneration of the spinal cord inferiorly forms what anatomical structure?
Filum terminale.
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Nerves generally emerge above the cervical vertebrae, except at which level?
C8: emerges below C7.
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Which levels are lumbar punctures taken from?
L3/4 or L4/5.
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Which layer contains trebeculae?
Arachnoid mater.
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Where does the dural sac (spinal dura) end?
At S2.
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What ligament is an extension of the dural sac?
Coccygeal ligament.
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True or false: ventral rootlets are generally motor.
True!
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Which levels contain the lumbar cistern?
L2 - S2.
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Ventral rootlets:
- Innervate muscles & skin of the anterior trunk.
- Carry autonomic innervations.
- Are bigger than dorsal rami.
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What is an a/k/a for nerve root compression?
- Radiculopathy.
- Pain in muscles.
- Paresthesia.
- Cutaneous sensory loss.
- Motor weakness.
- Loss of tendon reflexes.
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True or false: brachial plexus roots consist of anterior rami.
- True.
- Passing between the anterior & middle scalenes.
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Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5):
- Pierces the middle scalene.
- Innervates rhomboid minor/major, & levator scapula.
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Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7):
Innervates serratus anterior.
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The superior trunk gives off which nerves?
- 1. Nerve to the subclavius.
- 2. Suprascapular nerve.
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Which cord does the inferior (lower) trunk make up?
Medial cord.
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Which cord is the anterior division of the superior & middle trunks?
The lateral cord.
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Does the lateral pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7) supply pectoralis major or pectoralis minor?
Pectoralis major.
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Which muscle is pierced by the musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)?
- Coracobrachialis: innervates the muscles of the anterior arm, & skin of the lateral forearm.
- Passes between the biceps brachii & the brachialis.
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What is the anterior division of the inferior trunk?
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The medial & lateral cords make up which nerve?
- The median nerve (C6, C7, C8, T1).
- Innervates the muscles of the anterior forearm, 5 intrinsic muscles on the lateral half of the palm, & the skin of the palm.
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Which nerve runs with the ulnar nerve?
The medial brachial cutaneous nerve (C8, T1).
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