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Where does the Temporalis insert?
- Anterior portion of mandibular ramus and coronoid process
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Where does the Temporalis originate?
- Temporal fossa
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What does the temporalis do?
- Elevates mandible; also involved in retraction and lateral excursion
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Where does the sternocleidomastoid originate?
- Manubrium and medial portion of the clavicle
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Where does the sternocleidomastoid insert?
- Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
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What does the sternocleidomastoid do?
- Rotates and flexes atlanto-occipital joint; head; flexes neck; and unilaterally flexes neck ipsilaterally
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Where does the rectus abdominis originate?
- Pubic crest and symphysis
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Where does the rectus abdominis insert?
- Xiphoid process and inferior ribs (5–7)
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What does the rectus abdominis do?
- Flexes lumbar spine; compresses abdomen; unilaterally flexes trunk ipsilaterally
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Where does the iliopsoas originate?
- Iliacus: inner surface of ilium
- Psoas major & Psoas minor: on intervertebral cartilages, along bodies and on lower borders of transverse processes of L1–5; body of T12, on sacrum lateral and inferior to L5–S1 articulation
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Where does the iliopsoas insert?
- Iliacus & psoas major: lesser trochanter of femur and shaft immediately inferior
- Psoas minor: Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence of ilium
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What does the iliopsoas do?
- Flexion of the hip; Flexion and external rotation of the femur
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Where does the pectoralis major originate?
- Medial half of anterior surface of clavicle, anterior surface of costal cartilages of ribs 1–6 and adjacent sternum
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Where does the pectoralis major insert?
- Greater tubercle of the humerus and intertubercular crest (lateral aspect of intertubercular groove)
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What does the pectoralis major do?
- Adducts in frontal plane, flexes in sagittal plane, horizontally adducts in transverse plane, and internally rotates arm
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Where does the latissimus dorsi originate?
- Posterior crest of ilium, spinous processes of T7–S3, ribs 10–12
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Where does the latissimus dorsi insert?
- Medial side of intertubercular groove of humerus
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What does the latissimus dorsi do?
- Adducts in frontal plane, extends in sagittal plane, horizontally abducts in transverse plane, and internally (medially) rotates arm
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Where does the deltoid originate?
- 3 portions: anterior lateral 1/3 of clavicle, lateral aspect of acromion process, and inferior edge scapular spine
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Where does the deltoid insert?
- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus (lateral)
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What does the deltoid do?
- (1)Abducts arm, assists in flexion, horizontal abduction, and internal rotation of glenohumeral joint (GHJ); (2) abduction of GHJ; (3) abduction, extension, horizontal abduction,and lateral rotation of GHJ
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Where does the biceps brachii originate?
- Long head: superior margin of glenoid fossa;
- Short head: coracoid process of scapula
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Where does the biceps brachii insert?
- Radial (bicipital) tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis
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What does the biceps brachii do?
- Flexes elbow, weakly flexes glenohumeral joint; supinates hand
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Where does the triceps brachii originate?
- Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (1), lateral (2) and posterior (3) surfaces of the Humerus
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Where does the triceps brachii insert?
- Olecranon process of ulna
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What does the triceps brachii do?
- Extends elbow (1–3); adducts and extends glenohumeral joint (1)
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Where does the extensor digitorum originate?
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
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Where does the extensor digitorum insert?
- 4 tendons to the dorsal surfaces of the base of middle and distal phalanges of fingers 2–5
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What does the extensor digitorum do?
- Extends digits 2–5 at metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and wrist; weak extension of elbow
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Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis originate?
- Medial epicondyle of humerus; medial coronoid process of ulna; upper 2/3 of anterior border of radius
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Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis insert?
- 4 tendons that divide and attach to the sides of middle phalanges of fingers 2–5
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What does the flexor digitorum superficialis do?
- Flexes digits at MCP and PIP joints, flexes wrist; weak flexion of elbow
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Where does the gluteus maximus originate?
- Posterior 1/4 of iliac crest; posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx near ilium; and lumbar fascia
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Where does the gluteus maximus insert?
- Oblique ridge on lateral surface of greater trochanter and illiotibial band of fasci latae
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What does the gluteus maximus do?
- Stabilizes trunk in hip extension; extension and external rotation of hip; lower fibers assist in hip adduction
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Where does the rectus femoris originate?
- Anterior surface of anterior inferior iliac spine and superior & posterior margin of acetabulum
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Where does the rectus femoris insert?
- Superior aspect of patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity
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What does the rectus femoris do?
- Extension of the knee and flexion of the hip
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Where does the biceps femoris originate?
- Long head: ischial tuberosity; Short head: lower half of linea aspera and lateral condylar ridge of femur
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Where does the biceps femoris insert?
- Lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibular
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What does the biceps femoris do?
- Flexion of knee, extension of hip, external rotation of hip and knee
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Where does the gastrocnemius originate?
- Medial head: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle; Lateral head: posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle
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Where does the gastrocnemius insert?
- Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon
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What does the gastrocnemius do?
- Plantar flexion of ankle; weak flexion of the knee
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Where does the tibialis anterior originate?
- Upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of tibia
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Where does the tibialis anterior insert?
- Inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the first metatarsal bone
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What does the tibialis anterior do?
- Dorsiflexion of the ankle and inversion of the foot
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What is the origin of the supraspinatus?
- Medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa of the scapula
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Where does the supraspinatus insert?
- Superiorly on the greater tubercle of the humerus
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What does the supraspinatus do?
- Stabilizes glenohumeral joint (GHJ), weak abduction of GJH
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What is the origin of the infraspinatus?
- Medial aspect of infraspinous fossa of the scapula
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What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?
- Posteriorly on the greater tubercle of the humerus
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What does the infraspinatus do?
- Stabilizes GHJ, external rotation, horizontal abduction, and extension of the GHJ
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What is the origin of the teres minor?
- Posteriorly on the upper and middle aspects of the lateral border of the scapula
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What is the insertion of the teres minor?
- Posteriorly on the greater tubercle of the humerus
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WHat does the teres minor do?
- Stabilizes GHJ, external rotation, horizontal abduction, and extension of GHJ
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What is the origin of the subscapularis?
- Entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa
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What is the insertion of the subscapularis?
- Lesser tubercle of the humerus
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What does the subscapularis do?
- Stabilizes GHJ; internal rotation, adduction, and extension of the GHJ
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