-
What are the 5 basic characteristics of Chordates?
- 1. Dorsal nerve cord
- 2. Notochord
- 3. Pharyngeal slits
- 4. endostyle
- 5. postanal tail
-
What is the main purpose of the notochord?
To stiffen the body or act as a skeletal axis
-
What are some features chordates share with some invertebrates?
Bilateral symmetry, cephalization, metamerism, coelomate, tube-within-a-tube body plan
-
Chordates have _______ cleavage, and the ____ is derived from the blastopore, therefore it is a deuterostome.
-
The notochord is the ______ part of the endoskeleton to appear in the embryo.
First
-
What forms from mesenchymal cells derived from blocks of mesodermal cells lateral to the notochord in vertebrates?
Bony vertebrae
-
In most invertebrate phyla, the nerve cord is ____, but in chordates, the nerve cord is _______.
-
How is the brain formed in chordates?
The anterior end of the cord enlarges to form the brain
-
Pharyngeal slits are used for _______ ________ in some, and others have _____ in slits, which are used for respiration.
-
What is the endostyle's derivative? Are either one of these found in ALL chordates?
Thyroid gland
Yes
-
How is the endostyle used for getting food?
It secretes mucus that traps small food particles in the pharyngeal cavity
-
What is the postanal tail for?
Propulsion
-
Humans have a vestigial postanal tail called the ________
coccyx
-
-
In urochordata, the notochord, nervecord, and postanal tail is only found in the ______ ______.
larval stage
-
As adults, urodates are _____
sessile
-
Examples of cephalochordates
lancelets, amphioxus
-
Cephalochordates ______ _____ all 5 chordate characteristics.
clearly show
-
In ____________ (subphylum __________) , the _______ secretes a mucus net. Food particles are trapped on the net then is carried by cilia to the esophagus/mouth.
- Sea squirts
- urochordata
- endostyle
-
In _______ (subphylum ______), water enters the mouth, driven by ____, then passes through the ___________, where food is trapped in the mucus. Smallest food particles are _________ (intracellular digestion).
- Ambioxus
- Cephalochordata
- cilia
- pharyngeal slits
- phagocytized
-
Pharyngeal pouches show up in the early embryonic stages of _____ vertebrates.
ALL
-
Gill arches are necessary in terrestrial vertebrates because?
They many form other structures (jaw, inner ear)
-
Formation of the ________ nerve cord: Bmp-4 prevents cells on the ______ side from becoming neurons. ______ protects the dorsal side from Bmp-4, leaving the dorsal side free to turn into neurons.
-
Formation of the _______ nerve cord: Dpp prevents cells on the ____ side from becoming neurons. _____ protects the ventral side from Dpp, leaving the ventral side free to turn into neurons.
-
The major difference between the first arch of humans and sharks?
Humans' first arches form some ear bones, which we do not see in sharks
-
First arch syndrome?
Tiny jaw and nonfunctioning ears
|
|
