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psychosis
a severe mental condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality
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hallucination
- a false sensory perception
- e.g. seeing things, hearing things, tasting things
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schizophrenia
severe disorder with disorganization in thought perception and behavior
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dementia praecox
- original name for schizophrenia by Kraepelin
- disturbances of perceptual and cognitive faculties (dementia)
- early life onset (praecox) -not dementia from old age-
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positive symptoms
- symptoms including unusual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that vary in intensity, and may be responsive to treatment
- exaggerations of normal thoughts, feelings, behaviors
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persecutory delusions
beliefs that someone is persecuting the patient or that the individual is a special agent/individual
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delusions of influence
belief that your thoughts are controlled by others
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loose associations
thoughts that have little or no connection to the next thought
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thought blocking
ususually long pauses in speech that occur in a conversation
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clang associations
speech with mostly words that sounds alike rather than words that have meaning
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catatonia
person is awake but nonresponsive to external stimulation
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waxy flexibility
condition in which parts of the body will remain frozen in a posture when positioned by another person
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negative symptoms
- behaviors, emotions, or thought processes that exist in people without a psychiatric disorder but are absent (or greatly diminished) in people with schizophrenia
- less than normal behavior, emotion, thought
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blunted affect
diminished or immobile facial expressions and flat monotone voice that doesn't change even when discussing emotional topics
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anhedonia
- lack of capacity for pleasure
- not feeling joy or happiness
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avolition
inability to initiate or follow thought on plans
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alogia
decreased quality and/or quantity of speech
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psychomotor retardation
slowed mental or physical activities
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cognitive impairments
- visual and verbal learning and memory impairments
- can't pay attention
- decreased info processing speed
- impaired abstract reasoning
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echolalia
repeating verbatim what others say
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early onset schizophrenia (EOS)
schiz. that develops in childhood or adolescence usu. before 18
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brief psychotic disorder
sudden onset of any psychotic symptom that may resolve after one day and doesn't last for more than a month
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schizophreniform disorder
schizophrenia only it lasts less than 6 months and symptoms cause less impairment in social or occupational functioning
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schizoaffective disorder
schizophrenia with major depressive, manic or mixed episode disorder at some point in the illness
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delusional disorder
person has nonbizarre delusion, no other psychotic symptoms and few changes in overall functioning other than behavior surrounding the delusion
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shared psychotic disorder
- two or more people who have a close relationship share the same delusional belief
- folie a deux
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dopamine hypothesis
theory that a cause of schizophrenia is the presence of too much dopamine in the neural synapses
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synaptic pruning
weaker synaptic contacts in the brain are eliminated and stronger connections are further strengthened
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expressed emotion
describes the level of emotional involvement and critical attitudes that exist within the family of a patient with schizophrenia
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gene-environment correlation
same person who provides a patients genetic makeup also provides the environment in which that person lives
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antipsychotics
class of medications that block dopamine receptors at neuron receptor sites
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conventional or typical antipsychotics
medications that reduce positive symptoms of schiz. but produce serious side effects
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tardive dyskinesia
neurological condition of abnormal and involuntary motor movements of the face, mouth, limbs, and trunk
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atypical antipsychotics
- medications that effectively treat positive symptoms
- much less likely to produce tardive dyskinesia
- have some effect on negative symptoms and cognitive impairments
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psychoeducation
patient and families are educated about the idsorder in order to reduce familial destress and equip them to work effectively with the patient
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