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mse263
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attitudes
the evaluation of objects, events, or ideas
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explicit attitudes
attitudes that people can report
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implicit attitudes
attitudes that influence our feelings and behavior at an unconscious level
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cognitive dissonance
an uncomfortable mental state due to conflicts between attitudes or between attitudes and behavior
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persuasion
the active and conscious effort ot change attitudes through the transmission of a message`
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elaboration likelihood method
a theory of how persuasive messages lead to attitude changes
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nonverbal behavior
the facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms, and movements by which one communicates with others
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attributions
people's casual explanations for why events or actions occur
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personal attributions
explanations that refer to internal characteristics, such as abilities, traits, moods and effort
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situational attributions
explanations that refer to external events, such as the weather, luck, accidents, or the actions of other people
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fundamental attribution error
the tendency to overemphasize personal factors and underestimated situational factors in explaining behavior
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stereotypes
cognitive schemas that allow for easy, fast processing of information about people based on their membership in certain groups
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self-fulfilling prophecy
people's tendency to behave in ways that confirm their own or others' expectations
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prejudice
the usually negative affective or attitudinal responses associated with stereotypes
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discrimination
the inappropriate and unjustified treatment of people based solely on their group membership
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ingroup favoritism
the tendency for people to evaluate favorably and privelege members of the ingroup more than members of the outgroup
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social loafing
the tendency for people to work less hard in a group than when working alone
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deindividuation
a phenomenon of low self-awareness, in which people lose their individuality and fail to attend to personal standards
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compliance
the tendency to agree to do things requested by others
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aggression
any behavior/action that involves the intention to harm someone else
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prosocial
tending to benefit others
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bystander intervention effect
when those who observe someone in need of help fail to offer help
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altruism
giving help to someone who needs it without any reward for themselves
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