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What are the vital signs?
- temperature
- pulse
- respiration
- blood pressure
- pain
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What is the normal range for oral temperature? What are the deviations for axillary and rectal?
- Normal: 69.0F-99.9F
- Axillary: one degree lower
- Rectal/Tympanic: one degree higher
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Where is the apical pulse?
- at the apex of the heart
- at the 5th ICS LMCL also known as the mitral area
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What is normal respirations?
- 12-20/minute
- Brady-slow
- tachy-fast
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What is normal blood pressure?
100-120/60-80
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What is hypertension specifically?
systolic &/or diastolic BP increased
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What is hypotension specifically?
systolic BP decreased.
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What is pulse pressure?
the difference between SBP and DBP?
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What does pulse oximetry monitor?
oxygen saturation in arterial capillary blood.
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What is the normal pulse rate?
- Normal:60-100bpm
- brady-slow
- tachy-fast
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What is subjective data?
what the client tells you
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what is objective data?
factual information obtained through the physical examination.
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What are the four types of assessment?
- initial comprehensive health history
- interval or follow-up health history
- focused or problem-oriented assessment
- emergency health history
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What is the History of Present Illness?
- O - onset
- P - precipitating factors & progression of problem/concern
- Q - quality & quantity
- R - relieving & aggravating factors
- S - sequelae
- T - timing
- U - understanding
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What are the techniques of physical assessment?
- Inspection
- Ausculatation
- Percussion
- Palpation
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What are the ABCDs of melanoma?
- A - asymmetry
- B - border
- C - color
- D - diameter
- E - elevation
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What is carotene?
- a golden yellow pigment
- exists in subcutaneous fat and heavily heratinized areas(palms, soles)
- carotenemia - excessive carotene
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What is jaundice?
- increased bilirubin levels
- suggests liver disease or excesssive hemolysis of RBCs
- use natural light
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What is oxyhemoglobin?
- bright red pigment
- predominates in arteries & capillaries
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what is rubor?
reddening (fever, blushing, alcohol, local inflammation)
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what is pallor?
- decrease in blood flow
- pale
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what is deoxyhemoglobin?
- darker, less red and somewhat bluer pigment.
- oxyhemoglobin loses its oxygen to tissues
- cyanosis-increase concentration due to hypoxia.
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what is turgor and does does it check for?
pinch the skin above the sternoclavicular junction to assess the skin's moisture level. If skin "tents", patient lacks moisture.
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What is striae?
- silver or pink strech marks
- if purple, possible Cushing's syndrome
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what is vitiligo?
- it's a pigmentation disorder with an aqcuired localized loss of melanocytes
- chalk-white, nonscaling, macular patches.
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What are normal variations of the skin?
- moles (pigmented nevi)
- freckles (macules)
- birthmarks
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Macules and patches are what?
- primary skin lesions that are flat, nonpalpable, and circumscribed.
- examples of macules are: freckles & measles
- an example of a patch is vitiligo or a stage I pressure ulcer
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What are papules?
- less than 0.5cm elevated, circumscribed, palpable, solid.
- examples are moles and warts
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