ReproFlash

These are primary sex organs that include the male testes and the female ovaries.

Gonads produce these sex cells.

Gonads secrete these two steroid sex hormones in females.

This steroid sex hormone is secreted in males.

What are three accessory reproductive organs?

What part of the male reproductive system is within the scrotum and produces sperm?

Sperm is delivered to the exterior through a system of what four ducts?

What are the three accessory sex glands in males?

What is the function of male accessory sex glands?

What is the temp in the scrotum, compared to body temp?

T or F? the scrotum distends or pulls close to the body to maintain constant temp.

What layer of smooth muscle in the superficial fascia wrinkles the scrotal skin?

These are bands of skeletal muscle that arise from the internal oblique muscles of the trunk and elevate the testes.

Coiled and lined by smooth muscle, these are the sperm factories.

Located in the testes, these interstitial cells produce androgens.

After leaving the �sperm factories�, the sperm is transported where to mature and for storage?

What is the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis?

Internally, the penis contains the spongy urethra and how many long cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue?

The corpora (bodies of erectile tissue) are each covered by a sheath of what?

Erectile tissue is a spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The vascular spaces that riddle the tissue are called what?

The blood supply to the penis consists of the long testicular arteries that branch off of what artery superior to the pelvis?

What network absorbs heat from arterial blood before it enters the testes? Testicular veins arise from this network.

Which nervous system affects the male reproductive organ?

These nerve fibers are enclosed (with blood vessels and lymphatics) in the spermatic cord, which passes through the inguinal canal. They transmit pain impulses to the brain.

What are the 3 male accessory glands?

What accessory gland secretes yellowish, viscous, alkaline fluid that contains fructose sugar, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzyme, prostaglandins, and substances that enhance sperm motility?

What are the pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate gland that produce the thick, clear mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra?

This gland encircles the urethra just inferior to the bladder and produces a milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate (nutrient source), several enzymes, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

The male urethra conveys both urine and semen and is divided into these three regions (depending on location).

Semen is a mixture of sperm and what?

T or F? Semen contains nutrients (fructose), protects and activates sperm, and facilitates sperm movement.

What is responsible for decreasing viscosity of mucus in the cervix and reverse peristalsis in the uterus?

Clotting factors coagulate semen which is later liquefied by this.

What is the average volume of ejaculation?

How many sperm can be found in a mL of semen?

What is the sequence of events that produces sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes is known as what process?

Most body cells contain two sets of chromosomes (one maternal and one paternal) and 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. Are these haploid or diploid?

These are haploid and contain 23 chromosomes.

T or F? Gamete formation involves meiosis.

This occurs in the gonads and is when the number of chromosomes is halved.

What are the 2 consecutive cell divisions that follow one round of DNA replication?

How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?

What division of meiosis is reductive division? The mitosis process?

Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 are autosomal and the last are what?

What is the term for a different form of the same gene?

What type of cells give rise to sperm?

What are the steps from spermatogonia to sperm?

What are the 3 regions of sperm?

What is the metabolic region of sperm that contains coils of mitochondria?

What is the loco-motor region with flagellum?

What is the genetic region that holds the nucleus and acrosome containing hydrolytic enzymes that enable the sperm to penetrate the egg?

What percentage of sperm is defective?

The hypothalamus releases this, causing the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.

What hormone makes the spermatogenic cells receptive to testosterone?

What hormone stimulates interstitial cells to release testosterone?

What is the final trigger for spermatogenesis?

Feedback inhibition on the hypothalamus and pituitary results from these two things.

Testosterone is synthesized from what via estrogen?

T of F? Testosterone prompts spermatogenesis, has multiple anabolic effects throughout the body, and is the basis of the male sex drive.

Testosterone is responsible for what five secondary characteristics?

What are the female gonads that produce female gametes (ova) and secrete female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)?

What are three accessory ducts of the female reproductive system?

What ligament anchors the ovary medially to the uterus?

What ligament anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall?

What suspends the ovaries?

This ligament supports the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina; also contains the suspensory ligament and the mesovarium.

T or F? The ovarian arteries and the ovarian branch of the uterine artery supply blood flow to the ovaries.

The ovaries are surrounded by this fibrous layer.

What is the name of the immature egg contained in the follicle?

What is the fluid filled follicle that bulges from the ovary surface?

What is the term for the ejection of the oocyte from the ripening follicle?

This develops from a ruptured follicle after ovulation.

The oocyte is carried along this tube by peristalsis and ciliary action.

What is the role of the nonciliated cells in the oviducts?

What are the two regions of the uterus?

What are the three layers of the uterus?

What is the birth canal and organ of copulation?

What are the three layers of the vaginal wall?

Near the vaginal orifice, the mucosa forms an incomplete partition called what?

What is the upper end of the vagina surrounding the cervix?

Name the six external female genitalia.

Which of the external female genitalia release mucus into the vestibule for lubrication and is homologous to the bulbourethral glands?

Mammary glands consist of 15 to 25 lobes and are a modified type of what kind of gland?

What is the pigmented skin around the nipple?

T of F? Suspensory ligaments attach the breast to underlying muscle.

These are within the lobes and contain glandular alveoli that produce milk.

T or F? Milk travels through the lactiferous sinuses to through the lactiferous ducts to the outside of the nipple.

What is the production of female gametes called?

When does oogenesis begin?

T or F? Primary oocytes begin meiosis but stall in prophase I.

The monthly series of events associated with the maturation of an egg.

What are the two consecutive phases of the ovarian cycle?

During which phase is there a period of corpus luteum activity?

Changes that occur in the uterus are dependent on interactions between these three things.

T or F? The menstrual cycle is self-regulating through feedback loops.

T or F? Estrogen promotes oogenesis and follicle growth in the ovary, exert anabolic effects, and support the rapid but short lived growth spurt at puberty.

Estrogen induces what three secondary sex characteristics?

What are two metabolic effects of estrogen?

What hormone works with estrogen to establish and regulate the uterine cycle?

What are two effects of placental progesterone during pregnancy?

This occurs when menses have ceased for an entire year.

Declining estrogen levels during menopause can cause what five signs of menopause?

Breast cancer usually arises from what cells?

What are three risk factors associated with breast cancer?

What percentage of breast cancer is due to hereditary defects including mutations to BRCA1 and BRCA2?

What percentage of women with breast cancer has no known risk factors?