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Father of Microbiology
Father of Microbiology
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Father of Epidemiology
John Snow
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A serotype is a:
antibody grouping
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Ribosomes
protein synthesis
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DNA is made up of nucleotides; true or false?
true
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Carbohydrates do not:
code for proteins
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Proteins that turn things off and on are:
regulator proteins
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The nucleolus is:
The risbosome assembly site
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The nuclear envelope is:
a double membrane surrounding the nucleus
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An obligate anerobe:
can only grown in teh absence of O2
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Psychrophiles
grow in temperatures under 20 C
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Thermophiles grown in:
hot temperatures
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Acidophiles
grow in acidic environments
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Halophiles grow in:
salty environments
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Xenophiles
grow in dry environments
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Phosolipids are composed of:
polar head group and hydrophobic chains
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Prokaryotic cells have what kind of appendages?
flagella, pili/fimbriae
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Mycoplasma have cell walls T or F?
false
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Bdellovibrio do what?
parasitize other bacteria
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Which of the following can be seen by a gram stain, spirochetes or spirilliums?
spirilliums
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What is the function of Braun's lipoprotein?
to anchor the outher membrane to the peptidoglycan
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The specialized membrane found only in Gram - baceria is the
A) Periplasm
B) Outer membrane
B) Outer membrane
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What are the steps in an acid fast procedure?
- carbofulchism
- steam
- acid-alcohol
- methylene blue
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Actinomyces causes
lumpy jaw
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Histoplasma capsulatam
the only true intracellular fungal pathogen
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Blastomyces dermatidis causes
Pneumonia with skind and bone lesions
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Coccidiodes immitis
forms sporangium with 100-500 spores
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Aspergillus is hard to identify because:
it is a common laboratory contaminant
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Cryptococcus neoformans is:
a common fungal cause of meningitis
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The most frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients is:
Pneumocystis Carinii
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What caused the Irish potatoe famine?
Phytophthora infestans
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Causes Ergots disease
claviceps purpurea
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Norcardia is responsible for:
Madura's foot
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Fungi growing as multicellular sheets are:
plasmodiums
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Fungi that are known as the sac fungi are called:
Ascomycota
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A common fungal source of antibiotics is:
Penicillium
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What disease contains a fungal pneumonia mimicking tuberculosis but no skin/bone involvement?
Histoplasma capsulatum
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The polymerase chain reaction is:
The use of primers to specifically make copies of a pathogen's DNA
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The restriction fragment length polymorphism is:
The cutting of pathogens DNA with restriction enzymes and looking for banding patterns
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Exons
contain genetic information that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
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twitching motility is accomplished by
pili
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A set of membrane sacs that allow for specific modification of secreted proteins are:
golgi
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Club fungi are called:
Basidiomycota
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What is the central dogma of genetics?
DNA is transcribed in to RNA and then translated into protein
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What are the three types of disease transmission?
contact, vehicle, vector
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What are the three reservoirs of infection?
human, animal, non-living
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What are the 2 main function of antibodies?
create a resistance to a viral gene and aid in protection against a virus (immunity)
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Pfiesteria piscidia
pathogenic algae found in the Chesapeake Bay
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Causes bloody diarrhea and liver abcesses
Entamoeba histolyca
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Teardrop shaped diarrheal pathogen
Giardia lamblia
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Balantidium coli
giant ciliate that causes intermittent diarrhea
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Cryptosporidium
causes recurrent prolonged diarrhea in AIDS patients
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Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
common in children, causes insomnia, itching, and restlessness at night
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Ascaris lumbricoides
Eggs in the soil; eggs ingested and migrate through intestine to lungs and reswallowed and grows in the lumen
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Necator and Anclystoma (hookworm)
Eggs hatch in the soil, larvae invade through hair follicle and migrate to the lung and are swallowed.
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Taenia saginata
beef tapeworm
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Trichomonas vaginalis
vaginits w/ discharge
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malaria causes:
relapsing fever with fever, fatigue, chills and sweating
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Toxoplasma gondii is acquired:
when changing kitty litter
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Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
chronic infections of the heart
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Leishmania
cutaneous infection that can lead to significant scarring; vectorborne by sand fly
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Schistosomes
second most common parasitic disease, can be caught while swimming/wading
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Trichinella spiralis
cysts in skeletal muscle of pork; acquired by eating undercooked pork
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Ciliated non-photosynthetic protozoans are:
ciliaphora
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Non-motile non-photosynthetic protozoans are:
sporozoa
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In ciliates the "silent" nucleus is the:
micronucleus
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The first step of DNA replication is:
unwinding the DNA
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termination of circular chromosomes involves:
topoimerase
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Transpeptidation is the process by which:
The amino acid chain is txferred from the rRNA in the P-site to the tRNA in the A-site
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Elongation is best described as:
Fill A - transpeptidate, translocate - eject
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conjugation refers to:
the movement of DNA from one cell to another cell through a pilus
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Transduction is
the movement of DNA from one cell to another by a virus
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The function of histones in the cell is to
Package the DNA
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The strand of DNA that is made in one continuous stretch is the
Leading strand
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tRNA bringing the next amino acid enters the
A site
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Recombination is
the insertion of a single strand of DNA into the chromosome resulting in a heteroduplex with one normal gene and one changed gene
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During integration the function of the integrase
An enzyme that cuts the DNA and inserts the transposon
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The purpose of restriction enzyme is to
cut foregin DNA up if it comes into the cell
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Capping mRNA in eukaryotes does NOT involve what?
capping the 3' end
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virus
consists of protein and nucleic acid but non-living
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sattelite virus
only infectious to a virus infected cell
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viroid
consists only of naked RNA
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prion
consists only of protein
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The most common viral shape is:
icosohedral
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The major problem of having linear DNA viral genome is:
Host cells dont copy the end of the virus with telomerase
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+ RNA is equivalent to:
mRNA
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The viral life cycle is:
adsorption, penetration, multiplication, release
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The function of reverse transcriptase is to:
copy DNA to RNA
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What shape is a helical virus?q
Rod
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Disease presents with dementia, loss of motor control, rhythmic jerking may be caused by
prions
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The genome of a segmented virus is packed ino
One virion
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Entry of the virus genome by fusion with the membrane compartments within the cell is known as:
fusion with the endosome
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Immunity that is the organisms non-specific response is:
innate immunity
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Short antimicrobial peptides secreted into the mucous are called:
defensins
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binding of available iron:
transferrin
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Interferons are most important for nonspecific immunity to
viruses
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The alternate complement pathway is activated in response to
Activated nonspecifically by foregin antigens
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The membrane attack complex consists of
C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
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Microbial antagonism involves:
Normal flora
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The sebaceous glands are found in the:
Hair folicle
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The first antibody to appear after initial exposure is:
IgM
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This antibody is responsible for allergic rx:
IgE
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The only antibody that can cross the placenta is:
IgG
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The part of the antibody that interacts with the complement is the
heavy and light chain
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Cytotoxic T-cells
Function in cellular immunity by helping to kill cells with foreign antigens.
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the most abundant antibody class is:
IgG
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Which enzyme degrades peptidoglycan?
lysozyme
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The mannose binding lectin complement pathway is activated in response to:
foreign antigens containing mannose
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T or F: Gram + bacteria are sensitive to complement
T
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This antibody is secreted in colostrum
sIgA
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Which antibody is responsible for mucosal immunity?
sIgA
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Immunity that is mediated by specific antibodies is:
antibody mediated immunity
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Antibodies to the islet cells of the pancreas result in
Diabetes
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B 12 deficiency is associated with
Pernicious anemia
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