The flashcards below were created by user
kickenbugg
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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biofilms
formed by many microbial communities
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filaments
prokaryotes in the form/shape of a chain
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peptidoglycan
- a polymer of amino sugars
- produces a meshlike structure around the cell
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Gram Stain
a test that separates most types of bacteria into two distinct groups (gram-pos and gram-neg)
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gram positive bacteria
retain violet stain out of gram-negative cells
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gram-negative bacteria
- gram negative cells can pick up the couterstain
- appears pink/red
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flagella
- slender filaments that extend from a cell
- made of flagellin
- helps with movement
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quorum sensing
a density sensing technique
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bioluminescence
a process that allows bacteria to emit light
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obligate anaerobes
oxygen-sensitive organisms
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facultative anaerobes
prokaryotes taht can shift the matabolism between anaerobic and aerobic modes
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aerotolerant anaerobes
- cannnot conduct cellular respiration
- no damaged by oxygen when it is present
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obligate aerobics
prokaryotes unable to survive without oxygen
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photoautotrophs
perform photosythesis
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photoheterotrophs
use light energy but get carbon atoms from other organisms
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chemolithotrophs
obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances
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chemoheterotrophs
obtain both enerygy and carbon atoms from organic compound(s)
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dinitrifiers
bacteria that release nitrogen as nitrogen gas
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nitrifiers
oxidize amonia to nitrate
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Nitrogen fixers
convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia
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lateral gene transfers
transfers that move from one prokaryotic species to another
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thermophiles
"heat-lovers"
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spirochetes
- gram negative bacteria
- characterized by filaments
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Chlamydias
- smallest bacteria
- lives in parasites of cells
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High-GC Gram-positives
have relatively high ratio of G-C to A-T base pairs
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cyanobacteria
has blue pigment
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vegitative cells
photosythetic
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spores
resting stages that can survive in harsh environmental conditions
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heterocysts
cells specialized for nitrogen fixation
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low-GC Gram-positives
have a lower ratio of G-C to A-T nucleotide base pairs
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endospores
heat resistant resting structure
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staphylococci
- includes low GC gram positive
- form boils and sores
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mycoplasmas
lack cell walls
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proteobacteria
largest group of bacteria
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extreme halophiles
live in salty environments
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Koch's postulates
rules talking about different organisms causing specific diseases
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invasiveness
a pathogens ability to multiply in a host's body
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toxigenicity
a pathogenics ability to produce toxins
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endotoxins
released when gram-negative bacteria grow or lyse
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exotoxins
soluble proteins released by living, multiplying bacteria
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