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Function of Nucleus:
Control center of the cell: responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing instructions for protein synthesis.
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Function of Microtubules:
Support the cell and give it shape. Form Centrioles.
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Funtion of Mitochondria:
Site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell.
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Function of Lysosomes:
Sites of intracellular digestion.
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Function of Golgi apparatus:
Packages, modifies and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell, inclusion in lusosomes and incorporation into the plasma membrane. Macromolecules.
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Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:
- Site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detoxification.
- Synthesizes Lipids and steroids.
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Function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:
- Makes proteins that are secreted from the cell; makes the cell's membranes.
- Synthesizes proteins.
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Function of Cell Membrane:
Controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
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Where is the Cephalic region?
The head.
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Where is the Cervical Region?
The Neck
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Where is the Axillary region?
Armpit
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Where is the Brachial region?
Upper Inner Arm.
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Where is the pectoral region?
Chest
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Where is the Inguinal region?
Groin or the lower lateral regions of the abdomen.
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Where is the Lumbar region?
Lower spine
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Define the following terms:
Diffusion:
Osmosis:
Mitosis:
- Diffusion: describes the spread of particles through motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
- Osmosis: movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water potential (low solute concentration) to an area of low water potential (high solute concentration).
- Mitosis: is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei.
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What is tissue?
Tissues are groups of related cells working together in cell communities for a common funtion along with extracellular material.
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What are the 4 basic tissues?
- 1) Epithelial tissue
- 2) Connective tissue
- 3) Muscle tissue
- 4) Nervous Tissue
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Name a major location of Simple Squamous Epithelium:
Air sacs of lungs.
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Name a major location of Simple Cuboidal Eptihelium:
Kidney Tubules
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Name a major location of Simple Columnar Epithelium:
- Nonciliated type lines most of digestive tract.
- Ciliated lines uterine tubes.
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Name a major location of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium, Ciliated:
Ciliated types lines the trachea.
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Name a major location of Transitional Epithelium:
Bladder
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Name a major location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium:
Keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin
Nonkeratinized type forms esophagus, mouth and vagina.
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Name a location and funtion of Loose Connective Tissue proper:
- Location: Areolar CT underlies almost all epithelia of the body. Cushions organs.
- Function: Support, holding body fluids, defense, storing nutrients.
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Name a location and funtion of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue proper:
- Location: Dermis of skin
- Function: Able to withstand tension; provides strength
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Name a location and funtion of Dense Regular Connective Tissue proper:
- Location: Tendons & ligaments
- Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles, withstands great stress.
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Name a location of Hyaline cartilage:
Location: Ends of long bones
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What are three types of Mucle Tissue:
- 1) Skeletal (Voluntary)
- 2) Smooth (Involuntary)
- 3) Cardiac (Involuntary)
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What cells are the functional cells of nervous tissue?
Neurons
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What are the supporting cells of Nervous Tissue:
Neuroglia or Glia cells.
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What type of tissue makes up the hypodermis:
Areolar connective tissue and adipose.
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How are exocrine glands different from endocrine glands?
- Endocrine glands do not have ducts.
- Exocrine glands have ducts that carry their secretions to specific locations.
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What is the function of an Osteocyte:
Osteocytes are mature bone cells.
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What is the function of an Osteoblast?
Bone deposition. A cell that makes bone. It does so by producing a matrix that then becomes mineralized.
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What is an Osteoclast's funtion?
Bone resorption. They crawl along bone surfaces and dig pits as they break down the bone tissue.
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What is a chondroblast's funtion?
Is an immature cartilage-producing cell.
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Define Periosteum:
Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones.
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Define Compact Bone:
External layer that is dense, smooth and solid.
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Define Spongy bone:
Internal bone layer that is a honeybomb of small needly like trabeculae that are filled with bone marrow.
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Define Marrow Cavity:
The very center of a bone that contains no bone tissue at all. Filled with yellow bone marrow.
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Define Red Bone Marrow:
Is flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. Forms red blood cells.
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Define Epipyseal plate:
AKA growth plate; a hyaline cartilage plate.The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line.
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Define Ossification:
Is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts.
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Define Tendon:
Connects muscle to bone, Fibrous connective tissue.
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Define Ligament:
Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones
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Which bones undergo intramembranous ossification?
- Membrane bones form directly from mesenchyme without first being modeled in cartilage.
- All bones of skull
- Clavicles
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Which bones undergo endochondral ossification?
- All bones from the base of the skull down (minus clavicles).
- First modeled in hyaline cartilage, the gradually replaced by bone tissue.
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