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What are the definitions of anatomy and physiology?
- Anatomy- The study of the shape and structure of an organism. (How does it look?)
- Physiology- The study of the function of a organism's parts. (How does it work?)
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What is the definition of observation?
A skill that involves the senses- sight, hearing, touch, smell, and SOMETIMES taste-to gather information and collect data.
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What is the definition of inference?
An interpretation of an observation that is based on evidence or prior knowledge. (Trying to explain what you have observed.)
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What is the sagittal plane?
The plane that separates the body into left and right.
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What is the frontal plane?
The plane that separates the body into front and back.
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What is the transverse plane?
The plane that divides the body into top and bottom.
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What sub-cavities are in the ventral cavity?
The thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
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What sub-cavities are in the dorsal cavity?
The cranial and spinal cavities.
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What are the levels of organization in the body from smallest to largest?
Cells --> Tissue --> Organ --> Organ System --> Organism
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What are the different anatomical terms and what do they mean?
- Anterior/Ventral- front
- Posterior/Dorsal- back
- Superior- above
- Inferior- below
- Medial- middle/midline
- Lateral- sides
- Superficial- near the surface of the body
- Deep- deep in the body
- Proximal- toward the torso
- Distal- away from the torso
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What are the functions of the organ systems of the body?
- Integumentary- protects the underlaying tissue
- Skeletal- moves your body, supports your body, makes new blood, protects your organs, stores minerals
- Muscular-moves your bones
- Cardiovascular-pumps blood through your body
- Respiratory-absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
- Reproductive- Male: produces and releases sperm Female: Produces eggs and nourishes and shelters the unborn baby
- Nervous- receives and sends out electrical messages throughout the body
- Lymphatic- returns leaked fluids to blood vessels, also helps you get rid of germs that could harm you
- Digestive- breaks down the food you eat into nutrients that can be absorbed into your body
- Endocrine- regulates body functions by sending out chemical messages. the ovaries (female) and testes (males) are a part of this system
- Urinary-removes wastes from the blood and regulates body fluids
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What are the four tissues of the body and what are their functions?
- Epithelial- lines and protects most body surfaces
- Muscle- moves the bones
- Connective- protects and insulates body parts
- Nervous- sends messages throughout the body
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What is the definition of homeostasis?
It is when your body tries to maintain a stable internal environment.
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What is a cell?
The smallest living unit of structure and function (Anatomy and Physiology (A&P))
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What is an organelle?
They are very small structures inside the cell that have specific jobs that keep the cell running.
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What's the function (job) of the cell membrane?
It controls what goes in and out of the cell, its like the gatekeeper.
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What's the function (job) of the cytoplasm?
It allows for parts to move around.
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What is cytoplasm?
It is a liquid that fills the rest of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
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What is the function (job) of the nucleus?
It is in charge of everything that goes on inside the cell. It is like the brain in our body.
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What is the function (job) of the DNA?
The DNA carries instructions for the organelles to do their jobs and for making new cells.
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What is the main difference between plant cells and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts.
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What is diffusion?
It is the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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What are the five functions of the skeletal system?
- 1.Movement
- 2. Protection
- 3. Support
- 4. Storage
- 5. New Blood (Hemopoiesis)
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What is osteoporosis?
It is when osteoclasts (bone breaker cells) destroy bone faster than osteoblasts (bone builder cells) can build them and your bones become frail and weak.
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How can someone get osteoporosis?
This happens if you don't get enough calcium in your childhood.
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Who is more likely to get osteoporosis?
Women
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How do you prevent getting osteoporosis?
You get lots of calcium, exercise, get plenty of Vitamin D.
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What are the four types of bones?
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What are the six types of joints?
- 1. Pivot
- 2. Gliding
- 3. Ball-and-Socket
- 4. Fixed
- 5. Hinge
- 6. Saddle
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How do muscles work as opposites?
One muscle pulls on one side, and the other pulls on the other side.
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Where is the deltoid? (Deltoid Triangle)
shoulder
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Where are the Pectorals? (Pecs)
Chest
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Where is the Latissimus Dorsi? (Dorsal (Fin))
mid-lower back/ upper sides
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Where is the External Oblique? (outside of stomach)
lower side
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Where is the Rectus Abdominus? (abs)
stomach
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Where is the bicep? (two muscles)
upper arm
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Where is the tricep? (three muscles)
under arm
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Where are the quadriceps? (four muscles)
thigh (anterior)
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Where is the satorius? (side kick)
hip/thigh
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Where is the gastrocnemius? (get cramps)
calf
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Where is the achillis tendon? (Achelles)
ankle area above heel
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Where is the gluteus maximus? (maximus-big)
bottom/buttocks
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Where is the bicep femoris? (back of femur)
back thigh
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Where is the trapezius? (trapezoid)
back neck
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