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The flashcards below were created by user
richard.veljkovic
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Describe anatomy of tounge in infant compared to adult
is proportionally LARGER in proportion to oropharnyx
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Describe anatomy of tonsils of infant compared to adut
Much larger than adult in proportion to size which can lead to UAWO
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Describe the anatomy of the larnyx of an infant compared to adult
- More anterior and higher.
- Narrowest point at cricoid ring level.
- Funnel shaped. (Adult is cylindrical)
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Describe anatomy of epiglottis in infant compared to adult
- proportionally larger.
- omega shaped
- less flexible
- more reactive to stimulation
- Straight blade should be used for intubation
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Describe anatomy of trachea in infant compared to adult
- 3-4 mm in diamter at birth (2 mm in adult)
- 5-6 cm in length (12 cm in adult)
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Describe anatomy of chest wall in infant compared to adult
- composed mostly of cartilage (UNSTABLE)(no muscle formation yet)
- This makes diaphragm completly responsible for WOB
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How does an infant increase Ve?
Solely an increase in RR, NO in Vt
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What medication is used during intubation?
Atropine
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what is the conern with "see saw" breathing?
sign of weakness of the diaphragm. must intubate
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3 reasons for low pulmonary reserve
- 1. larger heart whioch reduces space for lungs
- 2. larger abdominal contents
- 3. chest have little stabilty & cannot expand properly
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What is the Oxygen consumption rate of infant?
6-8 ml/kg (doubled compared to adult)
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What factors should be considerd when giving medication to infant?
weight & age
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What are 3 rules used to assess gestational age?
- 1. gestational duration based on the last menstrual cycle
- 2. prenatal ultrasound evaluation
- 3. postnatal findings
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What are 2 main tools used to assess gestational age?
- 1. Dubowitz gestational age assessment
- 2. Ballard gestational age assessment
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Describe Dubowitz assessment
- 11 physical findings
- 10 neurologic findings
- total score = gestational age
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What is vernix and when does it appear?
white cheesy substance. supposed to help protect baby skin. appears week 22 should be gone by week 41
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Lanugo
appears by weak 26 and disapperar by week 32
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What does AGA mean?
- Appropiate for Gestational Age
- 80% of all neonates within range
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What does SGA mean?
- Small for Gestational Age
- 10% of neonates fall in range
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What does LGA mean?
Large for Gestational Age
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What is acrocyanosis and why does it happen? Is t normal?
Yes it is normal. It is cyanosis of the etremities. Caused by immature cappillaries.
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What is the Silverman-Anderson Index used for?
- To evaluate the respiratory stauts of the infant only!
- Lower the score the better
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Depressed Fontanalles indicates what? Bulging?
- Hypovolemia if depressed.
- Between the skull and brain are the menigies. This contains fluid to protect brain.
Hydroencephalis if bulging. Increased amount of fluid due to lack of drainage.
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What Medications are used during NRP?
- Epinephrine.
- Volume expanders
- NSS
- Lactate of ringers
- O Blood
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Naloxone(Narcan) (ONLY is mother was high!!)
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What are best route of Medication for infants? Through ETT?
ETT= O2, Naloxone, Epinephrine
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Epinephrine dosages ? FINSIH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
IV - 1:10,000 solution 0.1 to 0.3
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What are the indications of Volume expanders? How is it administered?
- Hypovolemia
- Neonatal- 10 ml/kg over 20 minutes
- Pediatric- 20 ml/kg over 10 minutes
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What to monitor post resucitation stabilization
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