The flashcards below were created by user
richard.veljkovic
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Describe anatomy of tounge in infant compared to adult
is proportionally LARGER in proportion to oropharnyx
-
Describe anatomy of tonsils of infant compared to adut
Much larger than adult in proportion to size which can lead to UAWO
-
Describe the anatomy of the larnyx of an infant compared to adult
- More anterior and higher.
- Narrowest point at cricoid ring level.
- Funnel shaped. (Adult is cylindrical)
-
Describe anatomy of epiglottis in infant compared to adult
- proportionally larger.
- omega shaped
- less flexible
- more reactive to stimulation
- Straight blade should be used for intubation
-
Describe anatomy of trachea in infant compared to adult
- 3-4 mm in diamter at birth (2 mm in adult)
- 5-6 cm in length (12 cm in adult)
-
Describe anatomy of chest wall in infant compared to adult
- composed mostly of cartilage (UNSTABLE)(no muscle formation yet)
- This makes diaphragm completly responsible for WOB
-
How does an infant increase Ve?
Solely an increase in RR, NO in Vt
-
What medication is used during intubation?
Atropine
-
what is the conern with "see saw" breathing?
sign of weakness of the diaphragm. must intubate
-
3 reasons for low pulmonary reserve
- 1. larger heart whioch reduces space for lungs
- 2. larger abdominal contents
- 3. chest have little stabilty & cannot expand properly
-
What is the Oxygen consumption rate of infant?
6-8 ml/kg (doubled compared to adult)
-
What factors should be considerd when giving medication to infant?
weight & age
-
What are 3 rules used to assess gestational age?
- 1. gestational duration based on the last menstrual cycle
- 2. prenatal ultrasound evaluation
- 3. postnatal findings
-
What are 2 main tools used to assess gestational age?
- 1. Dubowitz gestational age assessment
- 2. Ballard gestational age assessment
-
Describe Dubowitz assessment
- 11 physical findings
- 10 neurologic findings
- total score = gestational age
-
What is vernix and when does it appear?
white cheesy substance. supposed to help protect baby skin. appears week 22 should be gone by week 41
-
Lanugo
appears by weak 26 and disapperar by week 32
-
What does AGA mean?
- Appropiate for Gestational Age
- 80% of all neonates within range
-
What does SGA mean?
- Small for Gestational Age
- 10% of neonates fall in range
-
What does LGA mean?
Large for Gestational Age
-
What is acrocyanosis and why does it happen? Is t normal?
Yes it is normal. It is cyanosis of the etremities. Caused by immature cappillaries.
-
What is the Silverman-Anderson Index used for?
- To evaluate the respiratory stauts of the infant only!
- Lower the score the better
-
Depressed Fontanalles indicates what? Bulging?
- Hypovolemia if depressed.
- Between the skull and brain are the menigies. This contains fluid to protect brain.
Hydroencephalis if bulging. Increased amount of fluid due to lack of drainage.
-
What Medications are used during NRP?
- Epinephrine.
- Volume expanders
- NSS
- Lactate of ringers
- O Blood
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Naloxone(Narcan) (ONLY is mother was high!!)
-
What are best route of Medication for infants? Through ETT?
ETT= O2, Naloxone, Epinephrine
-
Epinephrine dosages ? FINSIH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
IV - 1:10,000 solution 0.1 to 0.3
-
What are the indications of Volume expanders? How is it administered?
- Hypovolemia
- Neonatal- 10 ml/kg over 20 minutes
- Pediatric- 20 ml/kg over 10 minutes
-
What to monitor post resucitation stabilization
-
|
|