nutrition exam 1 study guide

• 2.Good relationships
• 3.Feeling there is possibility of becoming the person one was born to be

Major influence on quality of life which has 7 dimensions and involves lifestyle,ongoing processes, awareness, decision making.

• 1. Physical health-excercise, sleep, nutrition, seeks medical help, choose to do no slef harm
• 2. Emotional Wellness- Feelings awareness acceptance, expression, positive feelings about life, self knowledge, respect and love, can say no to others, takes responsibility for one's actions/life, accepts one can only control and change oneself, coping skills
• 3. Intellectual Wellness-Enjoys learning/lifelong learning, thinks critically, uses resources, takes challenging courses.
• 4. Social Wellness- Values interdependence, relationships based on trust and respect, communicates, empathizes, accepts/appreciates diversity.
• 5. Spiritual Wellness- Deep appreciation for life, seeks meaning, purpose and inner peace, prays or meditates, compassion and sense of justice, most include a belief in god or a higher power.
• 6. Environmental Wellness- Awareness-of our impact by choices, action
• 7. Occupational Wellness- Understands the value of work, positive attitude about work, work w/integrity, can manage stress/pace/etc.

Awareness>Assessment>Plott Changes>Make Changes, assess and keep trying

• 1. Heart Disease
• 2. Cancer
• 3. Stroke
• Yes all linked to wellness

The science of how living organisms obtain and use food to support all the processes required for existence. It also includes the study of: Immunology, Medicine,Genetic,Biology,Physiology,Biochemistry,Education,Psychology, and Sociology

Protein,carbs,lipids,vitamins,minerals,water and Substance used by the body for the 3 major functions of Energy, Minerals for growth, and helps regulate body process.

Can also be involved in body functions ex. fiber and phytochemicals and misc such as dirt and debris

Needed by the body but can't be made by the body

not required in the diet because the body can make it

water,carbs,proteins,lipids or fats, need larger amounts

viatmins, minerals, only need small amounts

The nutrient contains carbon

Contain significant nutrients or non nutrient health promoting substances. processed food that has health promoting substances

protein, carbs, lipids,vitamins,minerals,water

carbs,fats and proteins they use nutrients used to produce ATP. kcal amount of calories per 1000 grams.

ATP

no food is turned inot energy by our body

• women first
• water 59 to 62
• protein 13 to 16
• fat 22 to 16
• minerals 5 to 6
• carbs <1 to <1
• vitamins trace to trace

• 2/3 of it is found in the cells
• intracellular- in the cells
• extracellular- outside the cells
• interstitial- water in between the cells
• vascular- water that is part of blood

reduce and prevent obesity in adults and kids, reduce iron deficiency in young kids,women, and prego women, reduce food insecurity in kids 2 and older increase fruits, veggies, fat consumption, calcium, whole grains, nutritious foods in schools and daycares, 2 and older reduce sat fat sodium and sugar

Bread 9


Veg 4


Fruit 3


Milk 2-3


Meat 6oz


Total fat 73g


Total sugar 12tsp

Moderate intense cardio 30min/day 5days/week or vigorous intense cardio 20min/day 3days/week and 8-10 strength training excercises 8-12 reps of each excercise 2/week

1-2 alcoholic beverages/day is associated w/ the lowest all- cause mortalitly and a low risk of CHD among middle aged adults and older adults. In younger people no health benefit, high risk of death and traumatic injury

variety, balance, moderation, nutrient density, kcal/portion control, personal and family history of disease and death.

a prediction about the relationship between variables

also called an association, when a change in one variable is related to a change in another variable

also called causal relationships, when an alteration in one variable causes a change in another variable

a relationship between two factors that is not influenced or modified by another factor

a relationship that involves one or more interactions

a study in which data are collected from a group of individuals who are not asked to change their behaviors in any way

an experiment in which something is altered or changed to determine its effect on something else

a group of people, animals, or cells in an intervention study that does not receive the experimental treatment

Phenomemom in which study results are influenced by an unintentional alteration of a behavior by the study participants

a fake treatment given to the control group that cannot be distinguished from actual treatment

the phenomenon in which there is a n apparent effect of the treatment becasue the individual expects or believes that it will work

a human experiment in which the participants do not know to which group they have been assigned

a human experiment in which neither the participants nor the scientists know to which group the participants have been assigned.

a factor other than the one of interest that might influence the outcome of an experiment

the use of experimental animal subjects such as mice, rats, or primates

specific type of celss that can be grown in the laboratory and used for research purposes

a publication that requires a group of scientists to read and approve a study before it is published

• Structure, function, organization
• digestion, absorption, and elimination

epethialial, connective,nerval,muscle

Mucosa-inner most layer covered by epithilial cells that protects and secretes

Submucosa- a connective tissue and transportation vessels blood vessels and lymphoids

Serosa- outer layer of connective tissue, stability and lubrication

muscularis- 2 layers smoth muscle nerves and muscle tissue

Circular, longitudinal, and diagonal

The cavity inside a tubular structure in the body

a soft, rounded mass of chewed food

The thick fluid resulting from the mixing of food with gastric secretions in the stomach

a cartilage flap that covers the trachea while swallowing

epithelial cells that make up the lumenal surface of each villus

the physical and chemical breakdown of food by the digestive system into a form that allows nutrients to be absorbed.

chewing,peristalsis-way food moves muscular contractin that moves bolus to stomach ,segmentation- back and forth mixing and breakdown of food particles,

Saliva, bile,gastric juice, pancreatic juice

it emolsifies fat and breaks big fat into tiny particles

• pyloric- at the bottom of stomach to keep food in
• gastroesophageal- stops food from getting into te lungs

break down undigested fiber and produce vitamin K, some B vitamins and lipids

• The taking up of nutrients after digestion, into the enterocytes, so they can be transported out to the body cells.
• most of it takes place in the small intestine

villi>portal vein>liver>hepatic vein>heart and blood

villi>lymph vessels>thoracic duct>subclavian vein>heart(blood)

amino acids

carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen

20.

cell signaling- cell receives a signal that tells it to make a protein often involves the cell membrane

Transcription- process by which mRNA is made using DNA as a template>DNA unzips> DNa is copied form gene> after some editing mRNA is synthesized>mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes

Translation-amino acids are linked together via peptide bonds on ribosomes to build the specific protein. uses mRNA and tRNA.

translation

number of sequence of amino acids in single polypeptide chain

2-folding of a protein because of hydrogen bonds that form between amino and acid groups

3-more folding because of interactions between the R-groups

4-Several polypeptide chains coming together to form the final protein

• Alter or unfold 3D form, causing a loss of biological activity.
• heat, agitation, acid or basic solutions heavy metals cause this

• 1. Make proteins
• 2. Making non essential amino acids
• 3. energy production ATP
• 4. glucose production
• 5. conversion to body fat

remove the amino group NH2 in order to convert amino acids to fat glucose or energy NH2 converted into urea, in the liver, for excretion in urine

edema is the swelling of the extremeites by water. proteins attract water and help keep it where it is supposed to be

RDA for protein:.8g/kg desirable body weight. wt in lbs/2.2= wt. in kg