history semester 1

renaissance

heredity ruler

era of art, lit. and and education

ancestry

spanish who discovered america

easily marketed

large farm or estate

spanish conquerers

doc. defining conditions of a corp.

assembly of reps in colonial vir.

unsuccessful uprising by frontiers in vir. against gov in jamestown.

a person working for their stay in america

agreement for a gov.

salem, mass

founded quackers

colonies granted self gov.

commercialism

slave route to US

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dramatically widespread exchange of the animals, plants, culture and human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company (to pay off debt)

• middle region of the Thirteen British Colonies in Northern America. Following the American Revolution, the Middle Colonies became the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Delaware.
• Much of the area was part of the New Netherland until the British exerted control over the region.

A central belief was that ordinary people could have a direct experience of the eternal Christ

undocumented, though long-standing, British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, meant to keep the American colonies obedient to Great Britain

a religious revival in American religious history

proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754 in Albany, New York. It was an early attempt at forming a union of the colonies "under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes

a military force composed of ordinary citizens

ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War

purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier.

a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain

ensure that British soldiers had adequate housing and provisions

a law enacted by government that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents

to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would be independent of colonial rule, to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations, to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act, and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies.[

an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British redcoats on March 5, 1770, the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British American colonies, which culminated in the American Revolutionary War

after officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor.

or the Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America.

Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade; publishing a list of rights and grievances; and petitioning King George for redress of those grievances

Colonial victory; start of the American Revolutionary War

• Result
• Treaty of Paris

• Territorialchanges
• Britain recognizes independence of the United States, cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Minorca to Spain and Tobago to France.Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Britain

• Result
• Treaty of Paris

• Territorialchanges
• France cedes Canada to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre et Miquelon, and transfers Louisiana to Spain; Spain cedes Florida to Great Britain

managed the colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence

affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. The petition was rejected, and in August 1775 the colonies were formally declared in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion.[1]

"age of reason"

life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

the second President of the United States (1797–1801). A New England Yankee, he was deeply read and represented Enlightenment values promoting republicanism. A conservative Federalist, he was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States.

"remember the ladies"

...during revolution

• Result
• British Pyrrhic victory[1]

• Territorialchanges
• British capture Charlestown peninsula

American colonists who remained loyal to the Kingdom of Great Britain

a person who takes part in an armed conflict, who is not a national or a party to the conflict

• Location
• Trenton, New Jersey

• Result
• Decisive American victory

• Location
• Saratoga County, New York

• Result
• First battle: British victorySecond battle: Decisive American victoryBritish surrender October 17

an effort to cut off food, supplies, war materiel or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally

rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

...last major battle of rev.

• Location
• Yorktown, Virginia

• Result
• Decisive Franco-American victory

formally ended the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the United States of America, which had rebelled against British rule

the first constitution of the United States and specified how the Federal government was to operate

kind of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws.[

the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy

the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state

set of laws

a form of government in which the people or some portion thereof retain supreme control over the government

armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts

an Assembly of the Counties of Maryland that functioned as the colony's revolutionary government

• an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
• He was the principal author of the US Constitution

the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775 to 1797. As the leader of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, he led the American victory over Great Britain

British Army officer and colonial administrator

to address problems in governing the United States of America,

the idea of population-weighted representation

an alternate plan that would have given one vote per state for equal representation under one legislative body

an agreement between large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It proposed a bicameral legislature, resulting in the current United States Senate and House of Representatives

three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes

the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no one branch has more power than the other branches

allow for a system based regulation that allows one branch to limit another

the popularly elected representatives (electors) who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States

• supporting ratification of the proposed Constitution of the United States between 1787 and 1789. The Federalist Papers are documents associated with their movement.
• Statesmen and public figures supporting the administrations of Presidents George Washington (1789–1797) and John Adams

that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states (state government).

the approval by the principal of an act of its agent where the agent lacked authority to legally bind the principal.

to protect those rights against infringement by the government

a formal ceremony to mark the beginning of a leader's term of office

a body of high ranking members of the government, typically representing the executive branch

first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher. Aide-de-camp to General George Washington during the American Revolutionary War,

the third Vice President of the United States (1801–1805), under President Thomas Jefferson. Burr is mainly remembered as the man who killed Alexander Hamilton in the famous 1804 duel.

the third President of the United States (1801–1809) and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence

one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat

capital of the US

tax levied on imports or exports

a particular legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that limits or restricts judicial interpretation

a particular legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that does NOT limit or restrict judicial interpretation

uprising from an excise tax on whiskey that was a central grievance of the westerners

a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war,[2] solving many issues left over from the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris of 1783,[3] and opening ten or more years of mostly peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars

a nationwide party to counteract the Federalists

a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office

a diplomatic event that strained relations between France and the United States

political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures resolved not to abide by Alien and Sedition Acts.

a legal theory that a U.S. State has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional

the acts were designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to prevent seditious attacks from weakening the government

the combined organizational structure, procedures, protocols, and set of regulations in place to manage activity

the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review, and possible invalidation, by the judiciary

an American jurist and statesman who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power. Marshall was Chief Justice of the United States,

• a landmark case in United States law. It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
• This case resulted from a petition to the Supreme Court by William Marbury, who had been appointed by President John Adams as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia but whose commission was not subsequently delivered. Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court to force Secretary of State James Madison to deliver the documents, but the court, with John Marshall as Chief Justice, denied Marbury's petition, holding that the part of the statute upon which he based his claim, the Judiciary Act of 1789, was unconstitutional

refined provisions for the purchase of U.S. public land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi river

the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,800 square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. The U.S. paid 15 million dollars

led the first United States expedition (1804–1806) to the Pacific Coast

the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country, in order to isolate it

put an end to the Northwest Indian War

blending or fusing of minority groups into the dominant society

• Location
• Near modern Battle Ground, Indiana

• Result
• United States victory

a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy that opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812

ninth President of the United States, an American military officer and politician, and the first president to die in office

• a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire.[nb 2]
• The Americans declared war in 1812 for a number of reasons, including a desire for expansion into the Northwest Territory, trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, and the humiliation of American honour

ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

event spanning from December 15, 1814–January 4, 1815 in the United States during the War of 1812 in which New England's opposition to the war reached the point where secession from the United States was discussed.

the final major battle of the War of 1812

• Location
• About five miles (8 km) south of New Orleans on the grounds of Chalmette Plantation

• Result
• American victory; British troops and fleet withdraw from Louisiana

the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). He was the military governor of pre-admission Florida (1821) and the commander of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans (1815) and is an eponym of the era of Jacksonian democracy

dip in economy

an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories

established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

commonly refers to land transferred by treaty

major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times

• parts that are, for practical purposes, identical
• eli whitney, cotton gin
• assembly line

inventor of the cotton gin

a machine that quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seeds, a job previously done by hand

a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes

built road for which a driver pays a toll (a fee) for use.

an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboa

a religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, which expressed Arminian theology by which every person could be saved through revivals

division of one religion into separate groups, sects, schools of thought

religious songs which were created by enslaved African people in America.

a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in south (but was soon moved to the north) and later spread to the entire world

the use of machines, tools and labor to produce goods for use or sale.

an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for a private profit

the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one

related to cities

an organization of workers that have banded together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions

Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed anywhere from 55-65 white people, the highest number of fatalities caused by slave uprisings in the South

state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. Though the law, by its language, was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland, the Second Bank of the United States was the only out-of-state bank then existing in Maryland, and the law was recognized in the court's opinion as having specifically targeted the U.S. Bank.

a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.

a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations

stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention

best known for his intense and original defense of slavery as a positive good, for his promotion of minority rights, and for pointing the South toward secession from the Union.

represented Kentucky in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker. He also served as Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.

widely believed that Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House at the time, convinced Congress to elect Adams, who then made Clay his Secretary of State

a protective tariff in the United States designed to protect American industry in the face of cheaper British commodities, especially iron products, wool and cotton textiles, and agricultural goods

the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another

paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West.

the forced relocation and movement of Native Americans from the present-day United States

go beyond to know the world with your 5 senses

• lived at walden pond
• transcendentalist

father of transcendentalism

a social movement urging reduced use of alcoholic beverages

restricted to one group

"perfect societies"

an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums

a movement to end slavery

a broad term used to describe various efforts to obtain political rights or equality,

• author of "my bondage and my freedom"
• educated slave

• author of "aint i a woman?"
• activist for slaves and women

passage of slaves to freedom

that slavery would not be talked about in congress

an early and influential women's rights convention

an American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement

the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right

the acquisition of citizenship and nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born.

the journey of moving westward

davy crockett

• Location
• San Antonio, Texas

• Result
• Mexican victory

governor of TX

American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean

to attach, append, or add

the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849). He later lived in and represented the state of Tennessee

• the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845)
• A longtime Democratic-Republican, Tyler was nonetheless elected Vice President on the Whig ticket

an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Revolution.

the peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States[1][2] to the interim government of a militarily occupied Mexico City, that ended the Mexican-American War

a 29,670-square-mile region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico

would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future

• "49ers"
• 300,000 rushed to cali. in search of gold

• manasses
• south
• mcdowell (n)

• pittsurg
• north
• grant-n
• buell-s

• manasses
• south
• pope-n
• lee-s

• sharpsburg
• bloodiest battle of the civil war
• draw, north claims victory
• lee-s
• mcclellan-n

• gettysburg
• 2x as many men die in this battle than the whole rev. war
• north
• lee- s
• meade-n

• charleston harbor
• started war
• south
• anderson-n
• beauregard-s

• virginia
• south
• lee-s
• burside-n

• vicksburg
• north
• grant

• NE virginia
• south
• jackson-s
• hooker-n

• virginia
• tie, north claims victory
• grant

• atlanta
• north\
• sherman-n
• sheridan-n

• penn.
• north
• grant

• petersburg, vir
• 60 day battle
• north
• lee
• grant

• virginia
• south
• grant
• lee

• virginia
• lee surrenders to grant
• north