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pszurnicki
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Oubain--blocks sodium/potassium pump
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What produces Ach in the CNS?
Nucleus Basalis
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Deficiency of Ach in the CNS?
Alzeimers, Huntington
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Tetraethylammonium
Block K+ ion channel
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tetradotoxin
Blocks Na+ ion channel
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Diagnosis for Myesthenia Gravis?
Endrophonium ( short term anti Achesterase)
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Treatment for Myesthenia Gravis?
Neostigmine
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Cure for Myesthenia Gravis?
- Neostigmine
- Anti-inflammatory
- Immune-suppresants
- Thymectomy
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Mode of action of Sarin Gas?
Permanantly deactives Achesterase
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What determines if the binding of Ach will have excitatory or inhibitory effect?
- Ion channels on the post synaptic membrane
- i.e
- Na+---excitatory
- Cl----inhibitory
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What nt is always excitatory in the CNS?
Glutamate
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What nt is always inhibitory in the CNS?
GABA
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Post synaptic potentials are ligand or voltage dependent?
ligand gated
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Action potentials are ligand or voltage dependent?
Voltage dependent
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What limits frequency of AP?
Absolute refractory Periods
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Voltage gated channels are only present on what part of the neuron?
node of ranvier
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The delay between AP and PSP is commonly called?
Synaptic Delay
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Short term memory is dependent on what?
presynaptic Ca
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What is presynaptic facilitation?
nt binding decreases K+ permeability, leaving + inside, depolarizing the membrane--membrane is hyperexcitable
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What is presynaptic inhibition?
nt binding increases Cl- permeability resulting in hyperpolarization of the membrane.---harder to depolarize
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What is an ionotropic hormone receptor?
nt binding activates ion channels---quick
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What is an metabotropic hormone receptor?
nt binding activates a 2nd messenger which then opens and ion channel---long activation and long duration
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What is the more of action of Botulism toxin?
B. toxin prevents release of Ach from the presynaptic membrane
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Black widow spider venom has what effect on the NMJ?
- increases influx of Ca
- increases the release of Ach
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Treatment for nerve gas (sarin)
PAM
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What eleminates Epi and Norepinephrine in the cleft?
An Amine pump
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What nt is decreased in clinical depression?
5-HT
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Whats a common treatment for clinical depression?
SSRI---selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
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Which GABA receptor is ionotropic?
GABA (A)
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What are the 2 enzymes that eliminate residual catecholamines in the cleft (epi and noepi)
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LSD is an agonist of what hormone?
5 HT
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Aspartate is inhibitory of excitatory?
excitatory
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What receptor has a chloride channel in the middle?
GABA
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What effect do EtOH, barbituaries, benzodiazopan(valium) have on the GABA receptor?
bind to binding sites other than GABA and potentiate the effects of GABA
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Large molecule peptide nt are ?
Endorphins and Enkephalins
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What receptor do endorphins and enkephalins bind to?
Opiate receptors
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Opium mimics the effects of what 2 large nt?
endorphins and enkephalins
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Substance P mediates what ?
pain
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Alpha motor neurons innervate what fibers?
Extrafusal fibers
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Gamma motor neurons innervate what muscle fibers?
Intrafusal fibers
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Gamma motor neuron innervates the fiber where?
at the striated parts
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Type IA innervates chain and bag receptors or just one of them?
Both
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Type II innervates chain and bag receptors or just one?
just chain
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What are the characteristics between motor fibers?
I, II, III, IV?
- I--large diameter..myelinated..fast conductance
- II--between one and 3
- III- small diameter...low myelination..slow conductance
- IV--no myelination..
- ..all have shwanna cells associated with them
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What is the purpose of Motor afferent fibers?
Tell the CNS about the motor unit/system
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What info does Type II fiber relays?
- --length of muscle
- --change in length
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What info does Type IA relay to CNS?
- ---length of muscle
- --- change in length
- --- rate of change in length
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Which muscle fiber is clinically insignificant?
Type II
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Which motor neuron has a corkscrew shape?
Type Ia
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