Respiratory - Physio

bluish discoloration of skin/membranes due to low oxygen content of BS

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, leading to difficulty w/inspiration

inflammation/infection

supplied by phrenic nerve which also supplies to scapula

M3 receptors - causes bronchoconstriction

beta-2 receptors - causes bronchodilation

• diameter <1mm
• alveolar sacs

• exchange of gases
• consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs

• transports gases
• consists of trachea, bronchi, bronchial tree

large, flat cells that form the thin gas diffusion barrier

produce surfactant to reduce alveolar surface tension and thereby prevent collapse

simple diffusion via respiratory membrane

alveolar and capillary membranes

Rate of diffusion = (SA * Partial Pressure difference)/Distance (thickness of membrane)

membrane thickness increases due to consolidation (filling of alveoli/small airways w/inflammatory exudates) and diffusion decreases

there is destruction of alveoli, therefore SA is decreased, thereby diffusion of gases is decreased

ingest particles <2 micrometers in diameter

• secretions contain IgA to help in resisting infections
• epithelium also contains prostaglandins protective to epithelial cells

have cartilaginous support - stiffer - greater air velocity - more turbulent flow

have smooth muscles - more compliant - parallel arrangement - lesser resistance - lower velocity - less turbulent flow