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The flashcards below were created by user
nursing1
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Serum Na+
- 135-145 mEq/L; fx in H20 retention
- <135 is hyponatremia
- >145 is hypernatremia
Serum Osmolality: 275-295mOsm/kg
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Serum K+
- 3.5-5.0 mEq/L; fx in electrolyte balance
- <3.5 is hypokalemia
- >5.0 is hyperkalemia
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Glucose
- indicates the amt of sugar in the blood, good indicator of diabetes
- fasting- 65-110mg/dL
- prediabetes or an impaired fasting glucose- 100-125mg/dL
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Prealbumin
- 10-40 mg/dl
- also an indicator of protein status
- preferred in short term or acute conditions bc it has a t1/2 of 2 days
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Albumin
- Indicates body protein status
- 3.5-4.8 (>3.5)
- does not detect early changes in nutritional status as it has a t1/2 of 21 days
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RBC
- 4.7-6.1 for males
- 4.2-5.4 for females
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Hgb
- 12-16 for females
- 14-18 for males
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HCT
- 42-52% for males
- 37-47% for females
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WBC
- 4.5-11.0
- *this value increases with acute infection and decrease in certain viral or overwhelming infections
- <4.5 is leukopenia
- >11 is leukocytosis
- WBC w diff:
- when the WBC are broken down to show % of each type of WBC
- Neutrophils- 55-70% increased in acute infection, decreased in overwhelming bacterial infection
- Lymphocytes- 20-40% increased in chronic bacterial and viral infections, decreased in sepsis
- Monocytes- 5-10% increased in protozoan, rickettsial and TB infections
- Eosinophils- 1-4% increased in parasitic infections
- Basophils- 0.5-1.5% normal during infection
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Pulse
60-100 beats per min
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Respiratory rate
12-20 breaths per minute
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Ideal Body Weight
(IBW)
- Female- 100lbs + 5lbs for each inch over 60
- Male- 106lbs + 6lbs for each inch over 60
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Body Mass Index
(BMI)
- 18.5-24.9 is Healthy
- 25.0- 29.9 is Overweight
- 30 or above is Obese
- shows weight corrected for height
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Cholesterol
160-200 mg/dl
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LDL Cholesterol
Low Density Lipoprotein
<130
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VLDL Cholesterol
Very Low Density Lipoprotein
200-400
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HDL Cholesterol
High Density Lipoprotein
>35
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ESR
- (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
- <15mm/hr for men;
- <20mm/hr for women;
- increased in the presence in infection
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Iron Level
60-90g/100ml; decreased in chronic infection
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Food Guide Pyramid
- 6-11 servings of bread/cereal/rice
- 3-5 servings of vegetables
- 2-3 servings of milk/cheese/yogurt
- 2-3 servings of meat/fish/poultry
- fats/oils/sweets are to be used sparingly, limit to 30% of calories
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nl elimination frequency
2-3h
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Urinalysis
- pH: 4.6-8
- Protein: up to 8mg/100ml or (-)
- Glucose: (-)
- Ketones: (-)
- Blood: up to 2 RBC's or (-)
- Specific Gravity: 1.010-1.025
- WBC: 0-4 w low power field
- Bacteria: (-)
- Casts: (-)
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nl urinary output
- 200-300ml/void
- 1500-1700ml/24h
- > 2000ml/24hr is polyuria
- < 400ml/24hr is oliguria
- 30ml/hr with an indwelling catheter
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Urine Specific Gravity
- 1.010-1.025
- measures the concentration of urine as compared to distilled water
- <1.010 reflects the kidney's inability to concentrate urine or an insufficient secretion of ADH
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BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
10-20mg/dL; indication of kidney fx
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Creatinine
0.5-1.2; also indication of kidney fx
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Serum Ca++
- 8.5-10.5mg/dL (ionized 4.5-5.5mg/dL); fx in strengthening bones and teeth
- < 8.5(4.5) is hypocalcemia
- <10.5(5.5) is hypercalcemia
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Serum M++
- 1.5-2.5mEq/L; fx in muscle & nerve impulses
- < 1.5 is hypomagnesemia
- >2.5 is hypermagnesemia
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Serum PO4-
- 2.8-4.5mg/dL; fx in cell process
- < 2.8 is hypophosphatemia
- > 4.5 is hyperphosphatemia
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Serum Cl-
- 95-105mEq/L; fx in fluid balance
- < 95 is hypochloremia
- > 105 is hyperchloremia
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Serum Osmolality
275-295mOsm/kg; calculate Na x2+BUN/3+Glucose/18
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