Pathophysiology Unit 2

Fluids and electrolytes are in these 3 things

Fluids and electrolytes function to

Body fluids are broken up into

Substances that can dissociate in solution to form charged particles; Cations and Anions

ECF is divided into 3 different compartments

When transcellular compartment enlarges this is called ___ and occurs in the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities

the transfer of water between vascular and interstitial compartments occurs at this level and is controlled by these 4 forces and through these channels

Palpable swelling produced by expansion of the interstitial fluid volume

Changes in ______result in changes in water volume

Who has a higher total body water?
A. Men
B. Infants
C. Obese
D. Women

You gain water mostly through
A. oral intake
B. metabolic processes

Water is lost primarily through _____

minimum urine output to eliminate metabolic waste is approx. __________

The kidneys promote_______when overloaded and _________water when ECF volume is decreased.

Water is reabsorbed by the _____and ______, but 150-200 ml is eliminated in the _____.

These can disrupt absorption by removing large amounts of water from GI tract

Loss of skin integrity increases _______losses, called insensible losses.

Most abundant cation in the body, helps regulate the acid-base balance, aids in nervous system and regulates ECF volume

This organ largely regulates Na + output.

_______ regulates water intakes, while _____regulates water intake.

This is activated through
1. Cellular dehydration
2. Decreased blood volume
3. Angiotensin II increased due to low BP and blood volume

Decrease in the ability to sense thirst, caused by cerebral lesion in hypothalmus

________or excessive thirst can be caused by true thirst due to ______, vomiting, or diabetes or false thirst due to _____and CHF also compulsive in schizophrenics

reabsorption of water by kidneys is regulated by ____

a defect in synthesis of this hormone caused by head injury or a defect in kidney response can lead to diabetes insipidus, and a loss of water

WIth an inappropriate secretion of ADH, urine output, Na+, BUN, Hct, and serum osmolarity all ________

this results when there are proportional losses of sodium and water. there is a fluid volume deficit, yet lab values look normal>>dehydration occurs

Kidney is the major route for this electrolytes elimination, it is filtered in the glomerulous, the hormone aldosterone is important in its regulation

_______is critical for acid-base balance, concentrating urine, growth, muscle contraction

99% stored in bone

_____is absorbed in intestines with help of vitamin D, stored in bone, and excreted by kidneys. Sources are milk and milk products

regulates blood levels of calcium and phosphate

_______get from diet, absorbed in intestines, excreted by kidneys. In green veg. grains, nuts meats, seafood, groundwater.

H2CO3 leaves the body through the______

^_____ is excreted by kidneys and buffered

lactic acid is the result of incomplete oxidation of ______
ketoacid is the result of incomplete oxidation of _____

these are immediately available to combine with excess acids or bases while awaiting respiratory and renal mechanisms

three kinds of buffers

Arterial Blood Gas Level
pH

Arterial Blood Gas Level
PaCO2

Arterial Blood Gas Level
HCO^-₃

Arterial Blood Gas Level
PaO₂

Arterial Blood Gas Level
O_{2 saturation}

Base excess/deficit

Anion gap

HCO₃^-

the amount of acid or base needed to achieve a pH of 7.4

the difference between plasma concentration of Na+ and Cl- and HCO₃^-

acidosis

alkalosis

a low pH caused by a decrease in HCO₃^-

increased pH caused by increased HCO₃^-

a___in pH caused by decreased ventilation and a ___in PCO2 causes

an ___pH caused by increased ventilation and ___PCO2 results in