Objects emit more energy and the energy peaks at shorter wavelengths
The continuous spectrum of an ideal object as a result of its temperature alone
Thermal Radiation
A planet moving faster nearer the sun
Perihelion
A planet moves slower when farthest from the sun
Aphelion
The geometric arrangements among the Earth, the Sun, and another planet
Configurations
When a planet is directly between Sun and the Earth
Inferior Conjunction
When a planet is on the opposite side of the Sun from the Earth
Superior Conjunction
The energy per photon depends on __________.
the Frequency of the wave
How shiny the color of a planet is
Alvedo
Name the Electromagnetic Spectrum from lowest to highest frequency:
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infared Radiation
Visible Light
UV Rays
x-Rays
Gamma Rays
Which law says that the orbital period is related to the orbit's size
(P2=a3)
Kepler's 3rd Law
What does p2=a3 mean?
The square of a planet's sidereal period around the sun is directly proportional to the cube of the length of its orbit's semi major axis
Where everything revolves around the Earth
Geocentric
Magnification is given by ratio of _______.
telescope focal length (primary)
eyepiece focal length (eyepiece)
The amount of a Doppler Shift (blue or red) varies how?
directly with approaching or reducing speed
Where planets usually move slowly to the left (eastward) relative to background stars
Direct Motion
Where a planet seems to stop and back up for several weeks or months (westward relative to background stars)
Retrograde Motion
The blurring of objects as different colors of light being refracted by different amounts causing the different colors to have diferent focal lengths
chromatic aberration
Uses sensors to determine the amount of twinkling created by atmospheric turbulence
Adaptive Optics
The following are all characteristics of what?:
A pair of widely-seperated telescopes
Study the interface pattern
Reconstruct original image/no atmospheric blurring
Example: GSU CHARA Array on Mt. Wilson
Optical Arrays
The following are all characheristics of what?:
Analyze the atmospheric blurring
Adjust telescope optics to compensate
Improve resolution of detail
Adaptive Optics
The following are all characheristics of what?:
electronic detectors (CCD's) turn photons into an electric current
more sensitive and easier to interpret than film; real time results
Modern Detectors
How is the GSU CHARA aray different from the Hubble Space Telescope?
The GSU Array has more detail
What all does a telescope do?
collect more light
resolve finer detail
As planets gets smaller, densities get smaller because of ______. Why?
Compression; because the inside of a planet would be compressed to the layers on top of it
Where all the colors of the spectrum of an approaching source are shifted toward the short wavelength of the spectrum
Blue Shift
The change in direction as light travels from one medium to another
Refraction
The smallest angle that can be resolved is set by _____.
Diffraction Effects
The resolution of fine detail ideally improves with _______.
Larger Aperture
What are some disadvantages of large refractors?
Lack of Lens Support
Two curved Surfaces
Interior Must be Uniform
Chromatic Abberation
Spectral lines originate in ________.
energy changes of an atom's orbiting electrons
Spectral lines are analyzed to ________.
learn the chemical position of the absorbing or emitting matter
What happens in the Doppler Effect?
Relative motion effects the observed wavelength of frequency
blue/redshift
sixe of shift proportional to speed
A theory of the overall structure and evolution of the universe
Cosmology
The orbits are eclipses with the sun at one focus (described by semimajor axis and eccentricity)
Kepler's 1st Law
The time it takes a planet to make one complete orbit of the sun