Pharmacology Drugs

• Hypertension
• 1. Excretion of sodium and water in urine
• 2. Decrease Blood Volume--> decrease BP

Ex. Lasix (Furosemide)

• Hypertension
• Block the action of Epinephrine at all beta receptors.

• Ex. Atenolol (Tenormin)
• Metrodolol (Lopressor, Toprol)

• Hypertension
• Block alpha and beta 3 receptors in blood vessels

• Ex. Carvedilol (Coreg)
• Labetalol (Lopressor, Toprol)

• Hypertension
• Alpha receptors- peripheral (veins and arteries)

• Ex. Doxazonsin (Cardura)
• Praxazosin (Minipress)
• Terazosin (Hytrin)

• Hypertension
• Block movement of Calcium into cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
• decrease heart rate, dilate arteries, lowers BP

• ex. Amiopipne (Norvasc)
• Diltiamzem (Cardizem)
• Nicardipine (Carpene)
• Nepedipine (Procardia)

• Hypertension
• Blocks the enzyme that converts angiotensin 1- angiotensin 2 (angiotensin 2- vasoconstrictor)

• Ex. Enalapril (Vasotec)
• Ramipril (Altace)
• Lisinopril (Zestril)
• Benazepril (Lotzinsin)

• Hypertension
• Blocks Angiotensin II with receptors
• Provides vascular relaxation (vasodilation)

• ex. Isoartan (Cozaar)
• Valsartan (Diovan)
• Olmesartan (Benicar)

• Hypertension
• Relax smooth muscle in vessels and causes vasodilation

• ex. hydrazaline (Appresoline)
• Minoxidil

• Hypertension
• Contain some combination of beta blockers, ace inhibitors, calcium channel blocker, Renin inhibitor, ARB, and/or diuretic

Ex. Amiodipine (Ca+) and Benzipril (ACE)

• Stimulate Alpha 2 receptors in vasomotor center of brain
• Reduces nerve impulse from sympathetic nervous system to adrenal medulla- decrease EPI secretion, decrease HR, vasodilation, and decrease BP

• Hyperlipidemia
• Causes bile to be eliminated- not absorbed
• Decrease LDL

• Ex. Chloestyramine (Prevalite)
• Colesevelam (WelChol)

• Hyperlipidemia
• controls amount of enzyme in metabolic pathways in the liver- reduces LDL

• Ex. Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
• Pravastatin (Dravachol)
• Simcastatin (Zocor)

• 1. Decrease serum and level of LDL and triglycerides
• 2. Increase serum of HDL

• Ex. Niacin (Niacor, Niaspan)
• Omega 3 Fatty Acids (Promega, Pearls)

Elevate, cholestoral plus other conditions

• Ex. Caduet- Amlodipine and Atoruastatin
• Advicor- Lovastatin and Niacin

• causes blood to back up from the right ventricle
• a. may result in distended neck veins, liver enlargement, edema in extremities

• causes blood to back up from the left ventricle to the pulmonary circulatory system
• a. may result in pulmonary edema

Digitalis, ACE Inhibitors, and ARBs

• Congestive Heart Failure
• Slows the electrical system (-chronotrope) increases contractility (+inotrope)

Digoxin (Digitek- Lanoxin)

Occurs in the liver and kidney, unable to to metabolize and excrete the drug.

• Cholestyramine (Prevalite)
• Cholestoprol (Colestid)
• Digoxin Immune FAB (Frag Antibody Binding) (Digibind, Digidote)

increase excretion of Na and H2O

• Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
• Furozemide (Lasix)

• CHF
• Causes vasodilation---> reduces BP, reduces systemic resistance.
• used in digitalis and diuretics

• CHF
• causes vasodilation, decreases BP, and decreases
• systemic resistance

• Candesartan (Atacand)
• Valsartan (Diovan)

• Inotrops- increases contractility
• Milirinone (Primacor)
• Vasopressors- stimulate Beta 1 increase HR, and stimulates alpha receptors in vessels- vasoconstriction
• increases BP
• Dobutamine
• Dopamine

Nitroglycerin, Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers

• Angina
• dilate coronary vessels, dilate systemic vessels, decreases BP, decreases Afterload, decreases Preload

• Nitrostat
• Nitrodur
• Minitran

• Angina
• decreases HR, decrease O₂ demand, decrease pain

• Atenolol (Tenormin)
• Metropolol (Lopressor)
• Nadolol (Corgard)

• Angina
• Slows conduction, decreases HR, decreases O₂ demand, decreases pain, vasodilates, decreases BP

• Amlodipine (Norvasc)
• Dilazem (Cardizem)
• Nicarpine (Cardene)
• Vepapamil (Covera)

This is irreversible but these are used to help improve survival rate.

Thrombolytics, Beta Blockers, Alpha-beta Blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARB, Platelet

abnormalities in conduction system

Atropine, Ephedrine, Isoproterenol (Isopril), Beta-Blockers, Amiodarone, Adenosine, Procainamide, Propafenone

• Arrhythmias
• block Acetcholine, increase heart rate

Atropine is 1st choice for this rhythm

• Arrhythmia
• Abnormalities in SA node impules

Ephedrine

fast heart rate over 200bmp

beta blocker- decrease HR, calcium channel blocker- decrease HR, vasodilate, amiodarone, adenosine, procainamide, propafenone

Abnormality in atrium

• Clonidine- decreases BP
• Digoxin- + inotrope -chronotrope
• Beta Blocker- decreases HR
• Calcium Channel Blocker- decreases HR, vasodilate

extremely fast, uncoordinated quiver in heart, unable to pump blood- life threatening situation

• Amiodarone- (cordarone)
• Lidocaine- (Xylocaine)

complete cardia arrest

• epinephrine (adrenaline) stimulant
• Adenosine

Extremely high blood pressure

• Beat Blocker- decrease heart rate
• Calcium Channel Blockers
• Vasodilator

olol

ilol, alol

azosin

ipine

pril

sartan