My athletic injuries study guide

Organization that creates guidelines for operation of an athletic care facility

Conditioning program throughout various seasons to bring about peak performance

Negative effect on muscle strength; can lead to injury, fatigue, or sickness

How can you avoid overtraining?

For muscle to improve in strength what do you have to do

Controlled stretches recommended prior to activity

Bouncing
Movements with repetitive contraction of Agonist muscle; used to produce quick stretches of antagonist muscle

Passively stretching by placing antagonist muscle in maximal position and holding for 30 seconds

Stretching that uses a combination of alternating contractions and stretches

Type of training with intermittent activities; alternate periods of intense work and active recovery

Type of training that is more intense over longer periods of time

Training that uses surges and varies the length

Advantages of speed play training

Training that alternates weight training, flexibility, calisthenics and brief aerobic exercises

A circuit training typically involves

Training technique that invokes substituting alternate activities that carry Over to a specific sport

Which training method would you not use in pre-season?

Skeletal muscle fibers in the motor unit

Rich in mitochondria and myoglobin; these muscle fibers carry more oxygen and resist fatigue

Quick, forceful, powerful contractions, fatigue more quickly

Muscle fibers used in aerobic activities

Muscle fibers used in anaerobic system

Type of contraction with no change in muscle length

Muscle shortens in length as a contraction is developed to overcome resistance

Muscle lengthens while continuing to contract

When the body comes in contact with objects/surfaces results in heat loss or gain

Give an example of conductive heat exchange

Body heat is lost/gained by air or water movement

Heat loss or gain through heat from the sun or emitted from the skin

Body is cooled through sweat evaporation

How much can a person expect to sweat per hour

If humidity reaches 75% what happens to sweat evaporation

Vomiting after periods of starvation then gorging

Long term disorder that can cause stomach rupture, affect heart rhythm, liver damage, and tooth decay

Disorder causes distorted body image, concerned with weight gain, deny hunger, hyperactive, abnormal amounts of exercise

Sharp, burning pain in tendons, muscles, or joints

Pain that is diffused at first then may localize

Cause of pain is emotional

Pain that lasts less than 6
months

Pain that lasts longer than 6 months

Pain that occurs away from the site of irritation

Over stretched by tendon, or forced to contract against too much resistance causing separation or tearing of muscle fibers

When some fibers are torn, some tenderness or pain on motion, but still full ROM

A number of fibers are torn, contraction is very painful, can ROM decreased

Complete rupture at tendon or bone, total loss of movement or severely limited

Legally responsible for the harm one causes another person

Failure to use reasonable care or common sense

Legal wrongs committed against person or property of another

Participant knows and understands dangers of activity and voluntarily participates

Estimation of distance of storm

How do you use flash to bang to predict danger

Electrolytes that help dehydrate the body quickly

What is the best way to prevent dehydration

If calcium is low, it causes the body to remove it from the bones, which causes weak, brittle bones

How much calcium do women need daily

6 domains of athletic training

Whose role is it for total health care

Who needs to agree on injury management and rehabilitation programs

Whose job is it to prevent injury

Who needs to have knowledge of environmental factors and skills

What year was the NATA founded

What are some employment settings for athletic trainer

Qualities of an athletic trainer

What is involved in the pre-participation exam?

What would disqualify an athlete from participation?

Delayed pain approximately 12 hours after workout, more intense 12-24 hours and gone after 2-3 days

How do you prevent DOMS?

Treatment of DOMS

What overrides muscle spindle reflex by causing reflex relaxation of antagonist muscle

What causes the muscle to contract to resist stretch - save yourself

Best way to warm up

Benefits of the warm up

What is the purpose of the cool down

Time for warm up

Time for cool down

Condition when heat loss to the environment is greater than metabolic heat production

Cold condition caused by periods if inactivity, wind chill factor, dampness, or wetness

What happens to the body when it's temp drops to 85-90 degrees

If core temp reaches <77-85 degrees

How do you prevent hypothermia

When skin is firm, with cold painless areas

Treatment for frost nip

Prolonged exposure to cold causing swelling, tingling,pain in fingers and toes

When skin turns pale, hard and waxy, it is most likely caused by

How do you treat frostbite?

When skin is wet from sweat, it can cause

Prevent heat rash by

Heat related condition that causes dizziness, fainting, nausea

Treatment for syncope

Heat related illness with muscle contraction

Treatment for heat cramps

Heat related condition where unable to sustain cardiac output, pail skin, sweating a lot, cramps with nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, headache, dizziness, loss of coordination

Treatment for heat exhaustion

Heat related condition where patient is altered, seizures, confusion, flushed, hot skin with sweating or without, shallow fast fast breathing, rapid, strong pulse, decreased blood pressure

What are the five types of tissue stress

Tissue stress change in cartilage, fractures, or contusion

Tissue stress with shortening and widening structure

Tissue stress from a pull or stretch

Tissue stress including muscle strains or ligament sprains

Tissue stress that is equal but not directly opposite loads

Tissue stress including blisters, abrasions, vertebral disk

Tissue stress on two to three points of long bones

Tissue stress that involves twisting and spiral fractures

Causes of stress fractures

What are the three phases of inflammatory response

Healing starts immediately and area may be red, tender, increase temperature, loss of function

Scar formation, tender to the touch, pain starts to disappear gradually

Stage may last weeks, firm, strong, nonvascular, but scar can exist for years

Signs of swelling

Factors that impede healing