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icimmy
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What did Leeuwenhoek do?
Developed the first microscope
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What did Redi do?
First to dispute the theory of spontaneous generation
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What did Spallanzani do?
Discovered if you heat air, nothing will grow.
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What did Jenner do?
First person to develop the small pox vaccine
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What did Semmelweis do?
Said that washing hands led to less infections
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What did Lister do?
Made Listerine. Phenol sterilizes hands and instruments better
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What did Pastuer do?
- Developed Rabies Vaccine
- Pasteurization
- Heat sterilizes instruments too
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What is taxonomy?
Science of naming living organisms
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What are the 2 functions of Pili on bacteria?
- To grab onto what it is attacking
- To grab and share genetic information with other bacteria
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What are the 3 types of surface coating of bacteria?
- Glycocalyx- thin (sugar)
- Slime layer- Thicker (protein)
- Capsule- Thickest (glyco-protein)
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What 2 sections of taxonomy will we be dealing with in bacteria?
Genus and Species
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What does a cell envelope do?
- Protects the cell
- Determines if it is gram positive or negative
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What is an antigen?
A protein that identifies a cell
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What 2 things is bacteria primarily made of?
Cytoplasm and ribosomes
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What are the 3 classifications of bacterial shape?
- Cocci- Round
- Spirillium- Spiral
- Bacillus- Oval
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How do bacterial grow?
- Chains- Strepto
- Clumps- Staphylo
- Individually- no name
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Where is ATP made in eukaryotes?
Mitochondria
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How do Bacteria make ATP?
Glucose (Krebs Cycle)
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How many ATP are made from anaerobic respiration?
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How many ATP are made from aerobic respiration?
- 36
- 38 overall (with anaerobic)
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What are Koch's postulates?
- The microorganism:
- must be found in abundance in all suffering from disease
- Must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in a pure culture
- Should cause disease when introduced to healthy organism
- Must be re-isolated from the host and be identical to first infection
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What is Penicillin's mechanism of action? Is is bactericidal or bacteriastatic?
- Disrupts cell wall
- Metabolism leading to cell lysis
- CIDAL
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What is Macrolides mechanism of action? Is is bactericidal or bacteriastatic?
- Disrupts ribosome function (STOPS protein synthesis)
- BOTH CIDAL AND STATIC
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What is Tetracyclines mechanism of action? Is it bactericidal or bacteriastatic?
- Disrupts portion of ribosome (INHIBITS protein synthesis)
- BACTERIALSTATIC
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What is Quinolones mechanism of action? Is it bactericidal or bacterialistic?
- Stops nucleic acid metabolism
- BACTERICIDAL
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What is Sulfonamides mechanism of action? Is it bactericidal or bacteriastatic?
- Blocks certain metabolic pathways
- BACTERIALSTATIC
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What is the difference between Bactericidal and bacterialstatic?
- CIDAL- Kills bacteria
- STATIC- Stops growth
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What does par focal mean?
Feature on microscope that allow you to switch from one objective to the next without having to refocus
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What are the 3 types of microscopes?
- Disecting (weakest)
- Compound Light (More than 1 magnifier, Up to ~1000x)
- Electron (up to 2,000,000x)
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