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Kaltenborn (Arabic numbers) grades
- 1. Bend a flea's knees
- 2. Take up the slack
- 3. Stretch
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Maitland (Roman numerals) grades
- I. Beginning of range, small amplitude
- II. Near beginning to mid range, large amplitude
- III. Mid to end range, large amplitude
- IV. End range, small amplitude
- V. Beyond end range
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Treatment for pain
Grades 1, 2, I, II (1/sec)
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Increase mobility/ stretch
Grades 3, III, IV (2-3/sec)
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Glenohumeral Joint
- LPP: 55 Abd, 30 horizontal Add (scaption)
- CPP: Full Abd, ER
- CP: ER>Abd>IR
- Convex on concave
- Glides: lateral distraction, long axis distraction, inf, ant, post
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Sternoclavicular Joint
- LPP: arm at side
- CPP: full elevation (flex, abd, or shrugging shoulders)
- CP: extremes of ROM (horizontal Add, full elevation)
- Convex on concave for sup/inf
- Concave on convex for ant/post
- Glides: inf, sup, ant, post
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Intertarsal Joint
- LPP: midway betw. extremes of ROM
- CPP: supination
- CP: dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, add, medial rotation
- Calcaneocuboid: concave on convex for flex/ext, convex on concave for abd/add
- Talonavicular: concave on convex
- Glides: navicular, cuboid
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Intermetatarsal Joint
Glides: proximal plantar, distal plantar
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Metatarsophalangeal Joint
- LPP: midway betw. extremes of ROM
- CPP: full extension
- CP: 1st MTP- extension, flex
- Concave on convex
- Glides: 1st MTP distraction, dorsal, plantar, tibial
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Talocrural Joint
- LPP: 10 plantarflexion, midway between inversion and eversion
- CPP: max dorsiflexion
- CP: plantarflexion, dorsiflexion
- Convex on concave
- Glides: distraction, posterior, anterior
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Talocalcaneal (Subtalar) Joint
- LPP: midway betw. extremes of ROM
- CPP: supination
- CP: varus, valgus
- Convex on concave
- Glides: distraction, eversion (tibial), inversion (fibular)
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Acromioclavicular Joint
- LPP: arm by side
- CPP: 90 Abd
- CP: extremes of ROM
- Convex on concave
- Glides: ant, post
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Scapulothoracic Joint
- No convex/concave rules or capsular pattern-- NOT A TRUE JOINT!
- Glides: distraction, sup, inf, winging
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Midtarsal assessment:
- Long axis: talonavicular
- Oblique axis: calcaneocubiod
- Supination: rigid, axes intersected, bones shouldn't move much
- Pronated: loose, axes parallel, bones should more more
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Humeroulnar Joint
- LPP: 70 flex, 10 supination
- CPP: full extension and supination
- CP: flexion>extension
- Concave on convex
- Glides: distraction, radial, ulnar
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Humeroradial Joint
- LPP: full extension and supination
- CPP: 90 flexion, 5 supination
- CP: flexion>extension
- Concave on convex
- Glides: distraction, anterior, posterior
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Proximal Radioulnar Joint
- LPP: 70 flexion, 35 supination
- CPP: 5 supination
- CP: equal limitation in all directions
- Convex (radius) on concave (ulna)
- Glides: ant, post
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Distal Radioulnar Joint
- LPP: 10 supination
- CPP: 5 supination
- CP: extremes of rotation
- Concave (radius) on convex (ulna)
- Glides: ant, post
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Radiocarpal Joint
- LPP: neutral with slight ulnar deviation
- CPP: extension with radial deviation
- CP: equal limitations of flex, ext
- Convex (scaphoid and lunate) on concave (radius)
- Glides: distraction, dorsal, ventral, radial, ulnar
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Carpometacarpal Joint
- LPP: midway betw. abd/add and flex/ext
- CPP: full opposition (thumb), full flexion (fingers)
- CP: abd>ext (thumb), equal limitation in all directions (fingers)
- Glides: 1st CMC traction, dorsal, volar, radial, ulnar
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Metacarpophalangeal Joint
- LPP: slight flexion
- CPP: full flexion
- CP: flex>ext
- Concave and convex
- Glides: distraction, radial, ulnar, dorsal, palmar
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PIP and DIP Joints
- LPP: slight flexion
- CPP: full extension
- CP: flex>ext
- Concave on convex
- Glides: distraction, dorsal, vola, mediolateral
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Patellofemoral Joint
- Glides: inferior, lateral, medial, superior
- Also: "see-saw" mob after ACL repair that used middle 1/3 of patella
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Tibiofemoral Joint
- LPP: 25 flexion
- CPP: full extension, lateral rotation of tibia
- CP: flex>ext
- Concave on convex
- Glides: distraction, ant, post, medial, lateral
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Superior Tibiofibular Joint
Glides: ant (anterolateral), post (posteromedial)
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Inferior Tibiofibular Joint
- LPP: plantarflexion
- CPP: dorsiflexion
- CP: pain on stress
- Concave on convex
- Glides: ant, post
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