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The study of individual genes, including the impact of individual genes on relatively rare disorders.
Genetics
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The study of all genes in the human genome, including the study of interactions among genes and interactions between genes and the environment
genomics
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DNA contains the instructions within the cells for.....?
Protien Production
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What are some of the current aims of investigation, now that the Human Genome Project is finished?
- look at variation of DNA as inherited or contributing to disease and drug response
- Improve methods and approaches of the legal, ethical, and social implications of genomics
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A communication process that deals with human problems associated with the occurrence, or the risk of occurrence, of a genetic disorder in a family
Genetic Counseling
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Broader than genetic counseling; includes information gathering, information sharing and value-neutral counseling.
Genetic Evaluation
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Where are genes located?
- The vast majority of genes are located in the cell nucleus, but genes are also present in the mitochondria (power plants) of cells.
- **ON CHROMOSOMES
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What are chromosomes made out of?
- DNA
- histones (a basic protien)
- nonhistones (acidic protien)
- small amt of RNA
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The RNA that recieves information from DNA and serves as a template for protien synthesis is....
Messenger RNA
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The RNA that is the site of protien synthesis and one of the structural components of ribosomes is....
Ribosomal RNA
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The RNA that is clover-leaf shaped and brings amino acids to the mRNA and gueds them into position during protien synthesis is....
- transfer RNA
- **aka mitochondrial chromosomes
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Purine bases of DNA and RNA
Adenine and Guanine
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Pyrimidine bases of DNA
Cytosine and Thymine
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Pyrimidine bases of RNA
Cytosine and Uracil
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Protiens are produced in two major steps:
- Transcription: Messanger RNA is created to transfer DNA informtion. Travels outside of the body of the cell to the cytoplasm where ribsomes manufactures proteins
- Translation: Ribsomes read the 3 letter words or “codons.” Transfer RNA helps shape and form proteins which dictate the protein’s particular bodily function
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How many genes are there in the human genome?
30,000
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a segment of DNA that encodes a single protein
gene
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Exon
The coding region of a gene
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Intron
The non coding region of a gene
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Genes located close together on the same chromosome are said to be...
linked
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Alleles
homologous copies of a gene
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Codominant
When each of two alleles present is expressed
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Hemizygous
having one copy of a particular gene
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Phenotype
observable expression of a specific trait/charachteristic
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Each chromosome has 2 arms. The arm above the centromere is known as ? and the arm below the centromer is ?
- short arm (p arm)
- long arm (q arm)
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Mitosis
- the process of somatic cell division, whereby growth of the organism occurs, the embryo develops from the fertilized egg , and cells normally repair and replace themselves
- **results in 2 daughter cells that are exact replicas of the parent cell
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Meiosis:
- The process of germ cell division in which the end result is the production of haploid gametes from one diploid germ cell
- literally a reduction in size to a haploid number in the gamete. Genetic exchange occurs between homologous chromsomes
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What is a structural chromosomal abnormality
Chromosomal material can break off and attach itself to another chromosome, a process called translocation.
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