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Law of segregation
During meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes (and the genes) separate from one another and packed into gametes. At fertilization gametes combine at random to form a new individual
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Law of Independent Assortment
- For 2 genes on a different chromosome, the inheritance of one doesn’t affect inheriting another
- The genes independently assort , because they are packed into gametes at random
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Law Of Dominance
- When two plants expressing different alleles of the trait are crossed, only one form of the trait is expressed in the F1
- •The gene that is masked is recessive
- •The gene that is expressed is dominant
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Genotype
the combonation of allelles that one posesses. (heterozygous, homozygous)
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Hemizygous
only one copy (genes on the X chromosome in males)
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Dominant inheritance
trait is expressed in the hetrozygote (Dd)
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Recessive inheritance
trait is expressed in the homozygote (dd)
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Autosomal Inheritance
Trait expressed on genes on chromosome 1-22
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X linked inheritance
Trait expressed genes on the X (or Y) chromosomes
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Penetrance
Percentage of a persons known to possess a certain mutant gene who actually show the gene
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Incomplete or non-penetrance
A person who has the specific gene and shows no phenotype
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Expressitivity refers to
A genotype is associated with a phenotype of varying intensity
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What is incomplete dominance
- The heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between either homozygote
- ie pink snapdragon
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Co- Dominance
- Different alleles are both expressed in a heterozygote
- ie ABO
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Where is HLA located?
Three regions located on short arm of chromosome 6
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What HLA class is involved with immune system?
HLA I-III
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HLA system is important because
- Important for tissue typing and transplants
- Disease associations- specific HLA antigens and certain disease such as type 1 diabetes and narcolepsy
- HLA-DR2 and the HLA-DQB allele are associated with resistance to typ1 DM
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BOth the A and B allelles are _____ to O but ______ to eachother
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