Medical Terminology Ch 16 .txt

approximately the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain. The pituitary is divided into two lobes and is often referred to as the master gland because it produced hormones that stimulate the function of the other endocrine glands

produces and secretes GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL and gonadotropic hormones

regulates the growth of the body

stimulate sthe adrenal cortex

stimulates the thyroid gland

affects the male and female reproductive system (gonads)

regulates development, growth and function of the ovaries

regulates development, growth and function of the testes

promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after brith of an infant

stores and releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water

stimulates uterine contractions during labor and postpartum

located near the pituitary gland in the brain. Secretes "releasing" hormones that function to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones

largest endocrine gland. Located in the neck below the larynx and comprises bilateral lobes connected by an isthmus. The thyroid gland secretes the hormones triiodothyrnine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which require iodine for their production.

necessary for body cell metabolism

four small bodies lying directly behind the thyroid. Produce parathormone (PTH)

helps maintain the level of calcium in the blood

clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including insulin and glucagon. Non-endocrine cells found throughout the pancreas produce enzymes that facilitate digestion

paired glands, one of which is located above each kidney. Secrete cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline (epinephrine) and noraderenaline (norepinephrine)

outer portion of the adrenal gland

inner portion of the adrenal gland

secreted by the adrenal cortex. Aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels to provide energy (also called hydrocortisone)

secreted by the adrenal cortex. Regulated electrolytes (mineral salts) that are necessary for normal body funtion .

secreted by the adrenal medulla. Helps body to deal with stress by increasing the blood pressure, heartbeat and respiration

secreted by the adrenal medulla. Helps body to deal with stress by increasing the blood pressure, heartbeat and respiration

gland

adrenal glands

adrenal glands

cortex (outer layer of a body organ)

endocrine

parathyroid glands

pituitary gland

thyroid gland

thyroid gland

exremeties, height

calcium

thirst

potassium

sodium

running

condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of acid products of metabolism often seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms may include weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetite, depression and other emotional problems

group of symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices. This syndrome may be the result of a pituitary tumor or a primary adrenal gland dysfuntion. Symptoms include abnormally pigmented skin, "moon face", pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, "buffalo hump" (fat on the upper back) and wasting away of muscle

results of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia) and large amounts of urine (polyuria) and sodium being excreted from the body

chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism cause by underactivity of the islets of Langerhans and characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperhlycemia). DM can cause chronic renal disease, retinopathy and neuroopathy. In extreme cases the patient may develop ketosis, acidosis and finally coma

condition brought about by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty

enlargement of the thyroid gland

condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism

condition resulting from a deficiency of the thyroid hormone thryoxine; a severe from of hypthroidism in an adult. Symptoms include puffiness of the face and hands, coarse and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech and anemia

condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood cause by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone

a condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

a chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried in the blood to a target tissue

narrow strip of tissue connectiong two large parts in the body, such as the isthmus that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

enlargement of the exremities

inflammation of a gland

enlargement of a gland

abnormal condition of a gland

inflammation of the adrenal gland

enlargement of one or both of the adrenal glands

excessive calcium in the blood

excessive sugar in the blood

excessive potassium in the blood

state of excessive pituitary gland activity

state of excessive thyroid gland activity

deficient calcium in the blood

deficient sugar in the blood

deficient potassium in the blood

deficient sodium in the blood

state of deficient pituitary gland activity, characterized by decreased secretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones, which can affect the function of the target endocrine gland)

state of deficient thyroid gland activity

state of total deficient pituitary gland activity, characterized by decreased secretion of all pituitary hormones, which affects the function of all of the other endocrine glands)

tumor of a parathyroid gland

inflammation of the thyroid gland

excision of a gland

excision of one or both adrenal glands

excision of one or more parathyroid glands

excision of the thyroid gland

incision of the thyroid gland

excision of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands

excessive development of the adrenal cortex

disease of the adrenal gland

pertaining to the cortex

resembling the cortex

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the endocrine system

the study of the endocrine system

any disease of the endocrine system

normal level of sugar in the blood

normal thyroid function

abnormal state of much thirst

a set of symptoms that occur together